Table 1.

Regulation of NLRP3 through PTMs^a

PTM	Effect on NLRP3 activation	Enzyme	PTM siteb	Refs
Ubiquitination	Positive	Pellino2	Unknown	[81]
		ubc13	Human: K567, K689; mouse: K565, K687	[82]
	Negative	FBXL2	Human: K689; mouse: K687	[74]
		MARCH7	Unknown	[75]
		TRIM31	Unknown	[76]
		RNF125	Unknown	[77]
		Cbl-b	Human: K496; mouse: K492	[77]
		β-TrCP1	Human: K384; mouse: K380	[78]
		Cullin1	Human: K689; mouse: K687	[79]
		ARIH2	Unknown	[80]
Deubiquitination	Positive	UAF1/USP1	Unknown	[83]
		BRCC3	Unknown	[84,85]
		USP7/USP47	Unknown	[86]
Phosphorylation	Positive	Pak1	Human: T659; mouse: T657	[92]
		JNK1	Human: S198; mouse: S194	[97]
		BTK	Human: Y136, Y140, Y143c, Y168; mouse: Y132, Y136, Y164	[100]
		PKD	Human: S295; mouse: S291	[102]
	Negative	PKA	Human: S295; mouse: S291	[87,88]
		EphA2	Human: K136; mouse: K132	[89]
		AKT	Human: S5; mouse: S3	[90]
		CSNK1A1	Human: S806; mouse: S803	[98]
Dephosphorylation	Positive	PP2A	Human: S5; mouse: S3	[93]
		PTPN22	Human: Y861; mouse: Y858	[95]
		PTEN	Human: Y32; mouse: Y30	[96]
Sumoylation	Positive	TRIM28	Unknown	[110]
		UBC9	Human: K204; mouse: K200	[111]
	Negative	MAPL	Unknown	[109]
Desumoylation	Positive	SENP6/7	Unknown	[109]
	Negative	SENP3	Human: K204; mouse: K200	[111]
Acetylation	Positive	KAT5	Human: K26; mouse: K24	[112]
Deacetylation	Negative	SIRT2	Human: K23, K24; mouse: K21, K22	[113]

^aARIH2, ariadne homolog 2; BRCC3, BRCA1/BRCA2-Containing Complex Subunit 3; BTK, Bruton’s tyrosine kinase; Cbl-b, Cbl proto-oncogene B; CSNK1A1, Casein Kinase 1 Alpha 1; EphA2, Eph receptor A2; FBXL2, F-box and leucine rich repeat protein 2; JNK1, c-Jun N-terminal kinase 1; KAT5, lysine acetyltransferase 5; MAPL, mitochondrial-anchored protein ligase; MARCH7, membrane-associated RING finger protein 7; Pak1, p21-activated kinase 1; PKA, protein kinase A; PKD, protein kinase D; PP2A, protein phosphatase 2; PTEN, phosphatase and tensin homolog; PTM, post-translational modification; PTPN22, protein tyrosine phosphatase non-receptor type 22; RNF125, ring finger protein 125; SENP3, sentrin-specific protease 3; SIRT2, Sirtuin 2; β-TrCP1, β-transducin repeat containing E3 ubiquitin protein ligase; TRIM31, tripartite motif containing protein 31; UAF1, Ubiquitin specific peptidase 1-associated factor 1; Ubc13, ubiquitin conjugating enzyme 13; USP1, Ubiquitin Specific Peptidase 1

^bThe numbering of amino acid residues is based on NP_004886.3 for Homo sapiens, and NP_665826.1 for Mus musculus.

^cY143 of human NLRP3 is not conserved in the mouse.