Table 3.

Sex- and Race-Stratified Relationships^* of Baseline Covariates with Total Hip BMD Pooled for the Two Cohorts

	Women				Men
Covariates	White		Black		White		Black
	Mean±SD	p	Mean±SD	p	Mean±SD	p	Mean±SD	p
Age	−0.25	<0.001	−0.20	<0.001	−0.17	<0.001	−0.05	0.184
Body mass index	0.46	<0.001	0.52	<0.001	0.36	<0.001	0.48	<0.001
Waist circumference	0.34	<0.001	0.43	<0.001	0.23	<0.001	0.36	<0.001
Systolic blood pressure	0.05	0.082	0.02	0.569	0.01	0.788	0.00	0.929
Antihypertensive medication		<0.001		0.013		0.0629		0.187
No	0.74 ± 0.13		0.84 ± 0.16		0.93 ± 0.15		1.01 ± 0.15
Yes	0.76 ± 0.13		0.87 ± 0.15		0.95 ± 0.15		1.03 ± 0.16
Diabetes mellitus		<0.001		<0.001		<0.001		<0.001
No	0.74 ± 0.13		0.84 ± 0.15		0.93 ± 0.15		1.00 ± 0.15
Yes	0.80 ± 0.14		0.90 ± 0.15		0.98 ± 0.14		1.07 ± 0.17
Smoking status		<0.001		0.012		0.011		<0.001
Never	0.75 ± 0.13		0.86 ± 0.15		0.93 ± 0.15		1.05 ± 0.16
Former	0.75 ± 0.13		0.86 ± 0.13		0.94 ± 0.15		1.02 ± 0.15
Current	0.70 ± 0.13		0.82 ± 0.17		0.89 ± 0.17		0.97 ± 0.14
Heavy alcohol		0.406		0.338		0.025		0.976
No	0.75 ± 0.13		0.86 ± 0.15		0.94 ± 0.15		1.02 ± 0.16
Yes	0.76 ± 0.13		0.89 ± 0.14		0.97 ± 0.16		1.02 ± 0.17
Physical activity	0.07	0.014	−0.00	0.890	0.09	<0.001	0.10	0.013
Estrogen replacement therapy		<0.001		0.008		NA		NA
No	0.73 ± 0.13		0.85 ± 0.15		NA		NA
Yes	0.78 ± 0.13		0.90 ± 0.13		NA		NA
Prevalent coronary heart disease		0.063		0.650		0.706		0.655
No	0.75 ± 0.13		0.86 ± 0.15		0.94 ± 0.15		1.02 ± 0.15
Yes	0.73 ± 0.14		0.85 ± 0.16		0.94 ± 0.15		1.01 ± 0.17
Prevalent stroke/transient ischemic attack		0.888		0.007		0.039		0.320
No	0.75 ± 0.13		0.86 ± 0.15		0.94 ± 0.15		1.02 ± 0.16
Yes	0.75 ± 0.14		0.81 ± 0.13		0.91 ± 0.13		1.04 ± 0.16
Prevalent peripheral arterial disease		0.697		0.950		0.252		0.062
No	0.75 ± 0.13		0.86 ± 0.15		0.94 ± 0.15		1.02 ± 0.16
Yes	0.74 ± 0.17		0.86 ± 0.15		0.92 ± 0.15		0.95 ± 0.11
Prevalent atrial fibrillation		0.009		0.116		0.246		0.752
No	0.75 ± 0.13		0.86 ± 0.15		0.94 ± 0.15		1.02 ± 0.16
Yes	0.70 ± 0.13		0.81 ± 0.15		0.96 ± 0.17		1.03 ± 0.16
Estimated glomerular filtration rate	−0.02	0.470	0.00	0.921	0.01	0.749	0.01	0.779
Forced expiratory volume in 1 s	0.22	<0.001	0.04	0.262	0.17	<0.001	0.13	0.001
C-reactive protein	0.03	0.324	0.18	<0.001	−0.03	0.344	−0.07	0.100
Interleukin-6	0.01	0.785	0.10	0.009	−0.07	0.021	−0.11	0.013
Phosphate*	−0.10	0.008	0.02	0.630	0.02	0.666	0.00	0.938
25-hydroxyvitamin D*	−0.01	0.714	−0.02	0.675	−0.04	0.272	0.04	0.352

^*Pearson correlation coefficients for continuous variables, and means ± standard deviations for categorical variables compared using linear regression.

^†Only available for Health ABC Cohort