Table 2.

Mean Understanding of HPHCs in Cigarette Smoke Pre- and Post-Format Exposure, by Age Group (N = 4227 total participants; N = 2903 adults, N = 1324 youth).

	Age group	Pre-exposure		Post-exposure		Difference (post – Pre)
Format		Mean	95% CI	Mean	95% CI	Mean	95% CI	p-value
1 Bar	Overall	1.81	1.68, 1.95	4.39	4.30, 4.49	2.58	2.42, 2.74	<0.001
	Adult	1.79	1.63, 1.96	4.31	4.20, 4.42	2.52	2.33, 2.43	<0.001
	Youth	1.85	1.61, 2.10	4.57	4.41, 4.73	2.71	2.43, 2.99	<0.001
2 Spaghetti	Overall	1.87	1.74, 2.01	4.50	4.42, 4.59	2.63	2.47, 2.79	<0.001
	Adult	1.91	1.75, 2.08	4.49	4.39, 4.59	2.58	2.39, 2.77	<0.001
	Youth	1.79	1.54, 2.04	4.53	4.37, 4.68	2.74	2.46, 3.02	<0.001
3 Smoke	Overall	1.87	1.74, 2.01	4.46	4.38, 4.54	2.59	2.44, 2.75	<0.001
	Adult	1.92	1.76, 2.08	4.43	4.34, 4.53	2.51	2.33, 2.69	<0.001
	Youth	1.73	1.51, 2.00	4.53	4.39, 4.67	2.78	2.50, 3.05	<0.001
4 Table	Overall	1.87	1.73, 2.01	4.46	4.38, 4.55	2.60	2.44, 2.75	<0.001
	Adult	1.91	1.74, 2.07	4.38	4.28, 4.49	2.47	2.28, 2.67	<0.001
	Youth	1.82	1.58, 2.07	4.62	4.47, 4.76	2.79	2.52, 3.06	<0.001
5 Infographic	Overall	1.91	1.77, 2.04	4.50	4.42, 4.58	2.59	2.44, 2.75	<0.001
	Adult	1.95	1.78, 2.11	4.45	4.35, 4.55	2.50	2.32, 2.69	<0.001
	Youth	1.82	1.58, 2.07	4.62	4.47, 4.76	2.79	2.52, 3.06	<0.001
6 Wildcard	Overall	1.87	1.73, 2.00	4.39	4.30, 4.48	2.52	2.36, 2.67	<0.001
	Adult	1.91	1.75, 2.08	4.34	4.24, 4.45	2.43	2.24, 2.62	<0.001
	Youth	1.77	1.52, 2.01	4.48	4.32, 4.64	2.72	2.44, 2.99	<0.001

Notes: Assessed using a summative scale from 0 to 5; CI = confidence interval.