Table 1.
Baseline Characteristics of Controls (CON), Patients with Delayed Orthostatic Hypotension (dOH), and Patients with Immediate Orthostatic Hypotension (OH)
| Baseline characteristics of participants | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| CON (n = 114) | Late-onset dOH (onset > 10 min) (n = 32) | Early-onset dOH (onset 3–10 min) (n = 68) | Immediate OH (onset < 3 min) (n = 176) | P-value | |
| Age (years) | 45 ± 17.9 | 61.4 ± 16.9 | 70.4 ± 11.6 | 69.4 ± 11.4 | < 0.001 |
| Sex (M: F) | 62:52 | 18:14 | 41:27 | 52:124 | < 0.001 |
| BMI (kg/m2) | 23.5 ± 3.3 | 22.8 ± 2.5 | 24.5 ± 3.2 | 23.9 ± 3.2 | ns |
| HTN (n, %) | 17 (14.9) | 9 (28.1) | 28 (41.2) | 75 (42.6) | < 0.001 |
| CCBs (n, %) | 12 (10.5) | 3 (9.4) | 14 (20.6) | 39 (22.2) | 0.038 |
| ARBs (n, %) | 11 (9.6) | 5 (15.6) | 17 (25) | 44 (25) | 0.0026 |
| ACEis (n, %) | 1 (0.9) | 0 | 0 | 0 | ns |
| Alpha-blockers (n, %) | 1 (0.9) | 1 (3.1) | 1 (1.5) | 23 (13.1) | 0.0003 |
| Beta-blockers (n, %) | 2 (1.8) | 1 (3.1) | 6 (8.8) | 21 (11.9) | 0.0156 |
| Diuretics (n, %) | 1 (0.9) | 1 (3.1) | 3 (4.4) | 4 (2.3) | ns |
| DM (n, %) | 10 (8.8) | 4 (12.5) | 13 (19.1) | 62 (35.2) | < 0.001 |
| PD, MSA, and DLB (n, %)* | 12 (10.5) | 14 (3.1) | 1 (20.6) | 36 (20.5) | 0.0203 |
Statistical tests were performed using the Kruskal–Wallis test. Abbreviations: M, male; F, female; HTN, hypertension; DM, diabetes mellitus; PD, Parkinson’s disease; MSA, multiple systemic atrophy; DLB, dementia with Lewy bodies; CCBs, calcium channel blockers; ARBs, angiotensin receptor blockers; ACEis, angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors; ns, non-specific.
*
No patients were taking anti-parkinsonian medications at the time of testing.