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. 2022 Dec 24;31(2):295–311. doi: 10.1016/j.jsps.2022.12.010

Fig. 7.

Fig. 7

Possible root causes of 1-methyl-4-nitrosopiperazine (MNP) contamination in rifampin and 1-cyclopentyl-4-nitrosopiperazine (CPNP) contamination in rifapentine during the synthesis of active pharmaceutical ingredients.