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. 2023 Mar 17;14:1492. doi: 10.1038/s41467-023-36955-6

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© The Author(s) 2023

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Fig. 6 — a, b Stereotactic injections of Cre-dependent retroAAV into the SON labels a population of ipRGCs. c Confocal micrograph (left) and side z-projections (right) illustrate that retro-labeled cells are M1 ipRGCs; with dendrites that stratify in sublamina-a of the inner plexiform layer (IPL). Arrows indicate axons in the ganglion cell layer (GCL) INL = inner nuclear layer. d Distribution maps of retro-labeled ipRGCs in GlyT2^Cre and e OPN4^Cre mouse lines. The density at each retinal location along the dorso-ventral axis is plotted on the right. f Confocal micrograph illustrates dorsal retro-labeled SON-projecting M1 ipRGCs (asterisks) in the OPN4^Cre mouse and a single ventral axon (arrows). g Bar graphs of ipRGCs per retina that are melanopsin-positive or negative (left; error bars ± SEM p = 0.2633) and M1 ipRGCs or non-M1 ipRGCs in SON-injected GlyT2^Cre and OPN4^Cre mice retinas labeled with SON injections of retroAAV (data were presented as mean values ± SEM; n = 3 retina from n = 2 GlyT2^Cre animals, n = 3 retina from n = 3 OPN4^Cre animals, n = 5 retina from n = 3 GlyT2^Cre;Ai140 animals; left/middle p = 0.1577, middle/right 0.339 and left/right 0.8762). ipRGCs identified in GlyT2^Cre;Ai140 retinas quantified for comparison. h Bar graphs of a population of ipRGCs per hemisphere in the SON-injected GlyT2^Cre and OPN4^Cre mouse retinas. GlyT2^Cre;Ai140 retinas quantified for comparison (data are presented as mean values ± SEM; n = 3 retina from n = 2 GlyT2^Cre animals, n = 3 retina from n = 3 OPN4^Cre animals, n = 5 retina from n = 3 GlyT2^Cre;Ai140 animals, ****p = <0.0001, ns left/middle p = 0.9985, left/right 0.1445, and middle/right 0.0541). Data were presented as mean values ± SEM. Statistical significance for g, right, and h was assessed using one-way ANOVA with Šídák’s multiple comparisons test and for g left using an unpaired two-tailed t-test. Scale bars in c = 20 μm, d, e = 500 μm, f = 100 μm. Source data are provided as a source data file.