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. 2023 Mar 17;8:129. doi: 10.1038/s41392-023-01379-7

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© The Author(s) 2023

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Fig. 3 — Non-invasive biomarkers of kidney fibrosis in urine and blood. Blood or urinary biomarkers that are associated with biopsy-proven kidney fibrosis. CCL5 C-C motif chemokine ligand 5, CDH11 Cadherin-11, CXCL C-X-C motif chemokine ligand, DcR2 decoy receptor 2, DKK3 Dickkopf-3, EGF epidermal growth factor, Gal-3 Galectin-3, KIM-1 kidney injury molecule 1, L-FABP liver fatty acid binding protein, LOX lysyl oxidase, MCP-1 monocyte chemoattractant protein-1, MMP-7 matrix metalloproteinase 7, mtDNA mitochondrial DNA, PEDF pigment epithelium-derived factor, PTC-EMP peritubular capillary-endothelial microparticles, SMOC2 Sparc-related modular calcium binding protein-2, suPAR soluble urokinase plasminogen activator receptor, TNC Tenascin-C, VCAM-1 vascular cell adhesion molecule 1, VSIG2 V-set and immunoglobulin domain containing 2