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. 2023 Mar 3;14:1142805. doi: 10.3389/fendo.2023.1142805

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Copyright © 2023 Liu, Zhu, Wang, Ma, Zhao and Li

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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Diagram of some mechanisms of autophagy in podocytes, glomerular mesangial cells, and proximal renal tubular epithelial cells of diabetic kidney disease. AGEs: advanced glycation end products; GMCs: glomerular mesangial cells; PTEC: proximal renal tubular epithelial cells; ROS: reactive oxygen species.