Table 4.
Meta-regression output for respiratory sequelae, hearing sequelae, renal sequelae, neurological sequelae, visual sequelae, hepatic sequelae, and musculoskeletal sequelae.
| Variable | Respiratory sequelae |
Hearing sequelae |
Renal sequelae |
Neurological sequelae |
||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| AOR with 95% CI | P-value | AOR with 95% CI | P-value | AOR with 95% CI | P-value | AOR with 95% CI | P-value | |
| Type of TB | ||||||||
| MDR | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | ||||
| XDR-TB | NA | NA | 1.7 (1.1, 2.7) | 1.6 (0.2, 13.8) | 0.638 | 7.8 (1.4, 42.7) | 0.021 | |
| MDR- & XDR-TB | 3.30 (0.36, 30.07) | 0.069 | 1.5 (0.8, 3.0) | 1.0 (0.1, 22.5) | 0.996 | 1.3 (0.2, 8.4) | 0.761 | |
| Unclassified | 2.79 (0.45, 17.18) | 0.018 | 1.1 (0.6, 2.0) | 1.2 (0.1, 12.8) | 0.875 | 2.5 (0.3, 19.1) | 0.347 | |
| DM Status | ||||||||
| <1% | 1 | 1 | ||||||
| 1–50% | 0.05 (0.01, 0.21) | 0.015 | NA | NA | NA | NA | 13.8 (3.12, 60.7) | 0.002 |
| 51–100% | 0.06 (0.002, 0.40) | 0.001 | – | – | ||||
| Not reported | 0.14 (0.05, 0.41) | 0.011 | 2.5 (0.99, 6.2) | 0.052 | ||||
| Timing of sequelae | ||||||||
| During treatment | 1 | 1 | 1 | |||||
| After treatment | 5.42 (1.38, 21.28) | 0.004 | 2.1 (1.3, 3.3) | 0.6 (0.2, 1.9) | 0.335 | NA | NA | |
| Site of DR-TB | ||||||||
| Pulmonary | 1 | 1 | ||||||
| Extrapulmonary | NA | NA | 0.4 (0.2, 0.6) | NA | NA | 0.14 (0.05, 0.4) | 0.001 | |
| Both | 1.1 (0.6, 2.1) | 0.2 (0.1, 0.8) | 0.031 | |||||
| Not reported | 1.2 (0.7, 1.9) | 0.2 (0.1, 0.5) | 0.003 | |||||
| Country Income | ||||||||
| HI | 1 | 1 | ||||||
| UMI | NA | NA | 0.6 (0.3, 0.9) | 0.39 (0.35, 4.5) | 0.437 | NA | NA | |
| LMI | 0.7 (0.5, 1.2) | 0.2 (0.01, 1.6) | 0.109 | |||||
| LI | 1.2 (0.6, 2.2) | 0.07 (0.1, 0.5) | 0.007 | |||||
| Median age | ||||||||
| <Median | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | |
| Median & above | ||||||||
| Unclassified | ||||||||
| Study design | ||||||||
| Prospective cohort | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | |
| Retrospective cohort | ||||||||
| Cross-sectional | ||||||||
| HIV status | ||||||||
| 0–50% | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | |
| 51–100% | ||||||||
| Unclassified | ||||||||
| Meta-regression output continued | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Variable | Hepatic sequelae |
Visual sequelae |
Musculoskeletal sequelae |
|||
| AOR with 95% CI | P-value | AOR with 95% CI | P-value | AOR with 95% CI | P-value | |
| Type of TB | ||||||
| MDR | 1 | 1 | 1 | |||
| XDR-TB | 1.02 (0.3, 31.2) | 0.993 | 6.4 (1.3, 31.8) | 0.028 | 7.7 (1.1, 51.9) | 0.038 |
| MDR- & XDR-TB | 0.4 (0.2, 9.0) | 0.525 | 1.1 (0.3, 4.7) | 0.868 | 0.8 (0.04, 17.9) | 0.884 |
| Unclassified | 0.4 (0.2, 6.3) | 0.451 | – | – | – | – |
| DM Status | ||||||
| <1% | ||||||
| 1–50% | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA |
| 51–100% | ||||||
| Not reported | ||||||
| Timing of sequelae | ||||||
| During treatment | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA |
| After treatment | ||||||
| Site of DR-TB | ||||||
| Pulmonary | 1 | |||||
| Extrapulmonary | 0.2 (0.01, 5.3) | 0.309 | NA | NA | NA | NA |
| Both | 0.7 (0.5, 8.3) | 0.718 | ||||
| Not reported | 0.3 (0.27, 4.0) | 0.352 | ||||
| Country Income | ||||||
| HICs | 1 | |||||
| UMICs | 0.03 (0.008, 0.79) | 0.038 | NA | NA | NA | NA |
| LMICs | 0.2 (0.008, 0.34) | 0.012 | ||||
| LICs | 0.02 (0.004, 0.86 | 0.043 | ||||
| Median age | ||||||
| <Median | 1 | 1 | ||||
| Median & above | 3.58 (0.24.53.01) | 0.323 | 1.1 (0.9, 11.9) | 0.957 | NA | NA |
| Unclassified | 0.18 (0.03, 1.23) | 0.075 | 0.4 (0.1, 3.0) | 0.320 | ||
| Study design | ||||||
| Prospective cohort | 1 | NA | NA | |||
| Retrospective cohort | NA | NA | 0.7 (0.2, 3.4) | 0.623 | ||
| Cross-sectional | 0.3 (0.1, 1.4) | 0.124 | ||||
| HIV status | ||||||
| 0–50% | 1 | |||||
| 51–100% | NA | NA | NA | NA | 0.5 (0.1, 4.7) | 0.485 |
| Unclassified | 0.1 (0.03, 0.6) | 0.009 | ||||
NA: Not significant in the bivariable analysis at a p-value of <0.2.
MDR-TB: DM: Diabetes Mellitus, HICs: XDR-TB: Extensively Drug-Resistant Tuberculosis, High-Income Countries, HIV: Human Immune Deficiency Virus, LICs: Low-Income Countries, LMI: Lower Middle-Income Countries, Multidrug-Resistant Tuberculosis, UMICs: Upper Middle-Income Countries.