Table 2.
Mechanisms of action demonstrated by potential probiotic Streptomyces in aquaculture
| Mechanism of action | Streptomyces strains | Host | References |
|---|---|---|---|
| Production of antagonistic/ siderophore compounds |
Streptomyces cinerogriseus A03, A05 Streptomyces griseorubroviolaceus A26, A42 Streptomyces lavendulae A41 Streptomyces roseosporus A45 Streptomyces griseofuscus B15 |
In vitro experiment | [85] |
| Streptomyces termitum N-15 | [90] | ||
| Streptomyces showdoensis BYF17 | [95] | ||
| Disruption of quorum sensing/ antibiofilm | Streptomyces IM20 | In vitro experiment | [96] |
| Streptomyces albus A66 | In vitro experiment | [86] | |
| Antiviral activity | Streptomyces sp. AJ8 | Indian white shrimp (Fenneropenaeus indicus) | [75] |
| Streptomyces sp. VITSDK1 | Sahul Indian Grouper Eye (SIGE) cell lines | [98] | |
| Bioremediation | Streptomyces sp. | P. monodon | [76] |
| Streptomyces fradiae | Penaeus monodon | [78] | |
|
Streptomyces coelicoflavus (A6) Streptomyces diastaticus (A44) Streptomyces parvus (A56) Streptomyces champavatii (R32) |
Penaeus monodon | [103] | |
| Streptomyces sp. MOE6 | In vitro experiment | [104] | |
| In vivo protection during challenge experiment | Streptomyces sp. SH5 | In vitro experiment | [105] |
|
Streptomyces CLS-28 Streptomyces CLS-39 Streptomyces CLS-45 |
Artemia | [77] | |
| P. monodon (post-larvae) | |||
|
Streptomyces sp. N7 Streptomyces sp. RL8 |
White shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei) juvenile | [81] | |
| Streptomyces sp. VITNK9 | n/a | [82] | |
| Competitive exclusion of pathogens | Streptomyces sp. VITNK9 | In vitro experiment | [106] |
| Streptomyces rubrolavendulae M56 | In vitro experiment | [29] | |
| P. monodon (post-larvae) | |||
| Streptomyces sp. RL8 | Artemia franciscana nauplii | [80] | |
| Enzymatic activities | Streptomyces chartreusis KU324443 | Common carp (Cyprinus carpio) | [111] |
|
Streptomyces CLS-28 Streptomyces CLS-39 Streptomyces CLS-45 |
Artemia and P. monodon (post-larvae) | [77] | |
| Stimulation in growth and survival | Streptomyces virginiae W18 | Carassius auratus | [115] |
| Streptomyces sp. | Red swordtails (Xiphophorus helleri) | [79] | |
| Protein source | Streptomyces sp. | Xiphophorus maculatus (juvenile) | [83] |
| Streptomyces sp. | Xiphophorus maculatus | [116] | |
| Modification in gut microbiota | Streptomyces sp. RL8 | White shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei) | [30] |