Table 2.

The spectrum of endocrine pathologies

Disease type	Developmental disorders		Inflammatory disorders		Atrophy	Hyperplasia	Neoplasia
	Ectopias	Metabolic	Infectious	Autoimmune
Thyroid	Aberrant thyroid Thyroglossal duct cyst	Thyroid dysgenesis Dyshormonogenesis	Acute Granulomatous	Acute Granulomatous Chronic lymphocytic Riedel (IgG4) disease	Post-inflammatory Pituitary/hypothalamic failure Exogenous thyroid hormone	Graves’ disease Pituitary/hypothalamic disease Ectopic TSH/TRH Medication-induced	Benign Low risk Malignant
Neuroendocrine	Ectopias	Aplasia Hypoplasia	Acute Granulomatous	Acute Granulomatous Chronic lymphocytic Xanthomatous IgG4 disease	Post-inflammatory Secondary	Physiological Secondary to disease elsewhere Medication-induced Idiopathic	Epithelial well-differentiated NET Epithelial poorly differentiated NEC Non-epithelial paraganglioma
Steroidogenic	Aberrant adrenal rests	Congenital adrenal hyperplasia syndromes	Acute Granulomatous	Chronic lymphocytic	Post-inflammatory Pituitary/hypothalamic failure Exogenous steroids	Pituitary or ectopic ACTH excess	Benign Malignant