Table 5. Average Marginal Effects of Physician Characteristics on Total Number of Medicaid Beneficiaries Prescribed a Pill, Patch, or Ring in 2016.
| Characteristic | Average marginal effect (95% CI) | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Family medicine (n = 86 106) | Internal medicine (n = 85 095) | OBGYN (n = 35 994) | Pediatrics (n = 43 822) | |
| Physician characteristics | ||||
| Female | 2.90 (2.26 to 3.55)a | 0.87 (0.65 to 1.09)a | −5.32 (−7.48 to −3.15)a | 1.35 (0.98 to 1.72)a |
| Doctor of osteopathy | −0.30 (−0.72 to 0.11) | −0.03 (−0.20 to 0.14) | 7.22 (4.32 to 10.13)a | −0.21 (−0.48 to 0.05) |
| International medical graduate | 0.18 (−0.61 to 0.98) | −0.01 (−0.16 to 0.13) | 12.13 (7.91 to 16.35)a | 0.26 (−0.34 to 0.87) |
| Age, y | ||||
| 35-44 | 0.72 (0.31 to 1.14)a | 0.81 (0.57 to 1.06)a | 17.38 (12.56 to 22.20)a | 1.69 (1.05 to 2.33)a |
| 45-54 | 0.32 (−0.11 to 0.75) | 1.34 (1.00 to 1.69)a | 19.47 (13.00 to 25.94)a | 2.05 (1.38 to 2.72)a |
| 55-64 | −0.22 (−0.65 to 0.22) | 1.42 (0.93 to 1.90)a | 16.09 (10.01 to 22.18)a | 2.28 (1.33 to 3.23)a |
| ≥65 y | −0.69 (−1.54 to 0.17) | 1.25 (0.54 to 1.96)a | 10.36 (4.67 to 16.06)a | 1.69 (0.75 to 2.63)a |
| County characteristics b | ||||
| Rural | 1.44 (0.36 to 2.51)a | 0.36 (−0.09 to 0.81) | −7.27 (−10.15 to −4.38)a | 0.58 (−0.27 to 1.44) |
| Log of county female population aged 15-44 y | 0.23 (−0.10 to 0.57) | 0.07 (−0.06 to 0.20) | −3.25 (−4.65 to −1.85)a | 0.05 (−0.24 to 0.34) |
| County % population below poverty line | 0.17 (0.08 to 0.25)a | 0.06 (0.03 to 0.09)a | 0.96 (0.55 to 1.36)a | 0.16 (0.10 to 0.21)a |
| Race and ethnicity | ||||
| County % population AIAN | −0.07 (−0.12 to −0.03)a | −0.03 (−0.04 to −0.01)a | −0.44 (−0.84 to −0.03)c | −0.05 (−0.10 to −0.01)c |
| County % population Asian | 0.03 (−0.02 to 0.08) | 0.01 (0.00 to 0.03) | −0.09 (−0.39 to 0.21) | −0.04 (−0.07 to −0.01)a |
| County % population Black | −0.03 (−0.07 to 0.01) | −0.01 (−0.01 to 0.00) | −0.08 (−0.22 to 0.05) | −0.04 (−0.07 to −0.02)a |
| County % population Hispanic | 0.02 (−0.03 to 0.07) | 0.00 (−0.02 to 0.02) | 0.05 (−0.08 to 0.19) | −0.03 (−0.05 to 0.00)c |
| State policy characteristics | ||||
| State Expanded Medicaid by 2016 | 1.92 (0.69 to 3.16)a | 0.55 (0.19 to 0.90)a | 12.17 (6.95 to 17.38)a | 0.36 (−0.55 to 1.28) |
| State had a Medicaid family planning waiver in 2016 | 0.49 (−0.82 to 1.80) | −0.12 (−0.56 to 0.33) | 0.83 (−4.53 to 6.20) | 0.28 (−0.72 to 1.28) |
Abbreviations: AIAN, American Indian or Alaska Native; OBGYN, obstetrics and gynecology.
a
P < .01.
b
The county in which a physician was located.
c
P < .05.