Table 2. Effects of Diets on Weight Loss and Body Composition.
| Outcome | Change (95% CI) | Difference between groups (95% CI) | P valuea | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| TRE (n = 45) | DCR (n = 43) | |||
| Weight, kg | ||||
| Month 6 | −9.8 (−11.7 to −7.9) | −9.7 (−11.6 to −7.9) | −0.1 (−2.8 to 2.6) | .94 |
| Month 12 | −8.4 (−10.3 to −6.4) | −7.8 (−9.7 to −5.9) | −0.6 (−3.3 to 2.2) | .69 |
| BMI | ||||
| Month 6 | −3.6 (−4.3 to −2.9) | −3.4 (−4.1 to −2.8) | −0.2 (−1.1 to 0.8) | .70 |
| Month 12 | −3.1 (−3.8 to −2.4) | −2.8 (−3.5 to −2.1) | −0.3 (−1.3 to 0.6) | .51 |
| Waist circumference, cm | ||||
| Month 6 | −10.0 (−12.1 to −8.0) | −9.1 (−11.1 to −7.1) | −0.9 (−3.8 to 2.0) | .53 |
| Month 12 | −9.3 (−11.4 to −7.2) | −8.2 (−10.2 to −6.2) | −1.1 (−4.0 to 1.9) | .47 |
| Body fat percentage, % | ||||
| Month 6 | −4.8 (−6.1 to −3.6) | −4.6 (−5.8 to −3.3) | −0.3 (−2.0 to 1.5) | .77 |
| Month 12 | −4.6 (−5.9 to −3.3) | −3.7 (−5.0 to −2.5) | −0.9 (−2.7 to 0.9) | .34 |
| Fat mass, kg | ||||
| Month 6 | −7.1 (−8.5 to −5.6) | −7.0 (−8.4 to −5.6) | −0.1 (−2.1 to 2.0) | .96 |
| Month 12 | −6.1 (−7.6 to −4.6) | −5.8 (−7.2 to −4.4) | −0.3 (−2.4 to 1.8) | .77 |
| Lean mass, kg | ||||
| Month 6 | −2.3 (−3.0 to −1.7) | −2.1 (−2.7 to −1.5) | −0.2 (−1.1 to 0.7) | .61 |
| Month 12 | −2.1 (−2.8 to −1.4) | −1.8 (−2.4 to −1.2) | −0.3 (−1.2 to 0.6) | .54 |
| Total abdominal fat, cm2 | ||||
| Month 6 | −118.5 (−146.7 to 90.3) | −101.9 (−129.7 to −74.1) | −16.6 (−56.2 to 23.0) | .41 |
| Month 12 | −94.0 (−123.5 to 64.6) | −86.6 (−114.5 to 58.7) | −7.4 (−48.0 to 33.2) | .72 |
| Subcutaneous fat, cm2 | ||||
| Month 6 | −78.9 (−97.9 to −59.9) | −59.4 (−78.2 to −40.7) | −19.5 (−46.2 to 7.2) | .15 |
| Month 12 | −60.0 (−79.9 to −40.2) | −51.8 (−70.6 to −33.0) | −8.2 (−35.6 to 19.1) | .55 |
| Visceral fat, cm2 | ||||
| Month 6 | −41.6 (−52.8 to −30.4) | −38.6 (−49.6 to −27.6) | −2.9 (−18.7 to 12.8) | .71 |
| Month 12 | −36.6 (−48.5 to −24.8) | −33.6 (−44.7 to −22.5) | −3.0 (−19.3 to 13.3) | .71 |
| Visceral to subcutaneous fat ratio, % | ||||
| Month 6 | −2.8 (−5.7 to 0.1) | −4.4 (−7.3 to −1.6) | 1.7 (−2.4 to 5.8) | .42 |
| Month 12 | −4.9 (−8.1 to −1.7) | −4.7 (−7.6 to −1.8) | −0.2 (−4.5 to 4.1) | .92 |
| Liver stiffness, kPa | ||||
| Month 6 | −1.9 (−2.5 to −1.4) | −1.7 (−2.2 to −1.2) | −0.2 (−0.9 to 0.5) | .57 |
| Month 12 | −2.1 (−2.7 to −1.6) | −1.7 (−2.3 to −1.2) | −0.4 (−1.1 to 0.4) | .33 |
Abbreviations: BMI, body mass index (calculated as weight in kilograms divided by height in meters squared); DCR, daily calorie restriction; TRE, time-restricted eating.
a
For the between-group difference from linear mixed models that included diet, time, and diet × time interaction terms.