Table 2.
Risk of PPHa, use of additional uterotonics and blood transfusions (based on Cochrane Review U-NMA)
| Intervention | Risk of PPHa | Additional uterotonics | Blood transfusions | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
Primary Healthcare Centerb |
Secondary Healthcare Center |
Tertiary Healthcare Center |
||||||
| Mild / moderate PPH | Severe PPH | Mild / moderate PPH | Severe PPH | Mild / moderate PPH | Severe PPH | |||
| Vaginal delivery | ||||||||
| Heat-stable carbetocin | 6.40% | 2.87% | 6.25% | 2.73% | 6.1% | 2.6% | 5.2% | 1.2% |
| Oxytocin | 9.60% | 3.30% | 9.40% | 3.15% | 9.2% | 3.0% | 11.6% | 1.5% |
| Misoprostol | 10.00% | 3.96% | 9.80% | 3.78% | 9.6% | 3.6% | 12.1% | 1.3% |
| C-section delivery | ||||||||
| Heat-stable carbetocin | 32.19% | 12.48% | 32.04% | 12.04% | 31.9% | 11.6% | 13.7% | 6.6% |
| Oxytocin | 47.13% | 14.26% | 47.12% | 13.78% | 47.1% | 13.3% | 30.4% | 8.1% |
| Misoprostol | 49.27% | 16.85% | 49.33% | 16.33% | 49.4% | 15.8% | 31.6% | 7.1% |
aRisk of PPH is adjusted for percentage with severe anemia by healthcare center type (PHC: 6.6%, SHC: 4.7%, THC: 2.8%)
bIt is recognized that few PHC facilities in India conduct C-section deliveries (likely in only some community health centers). The model is showing the risk of PPH based on additional risk factors at PHC level, including the risk of not being transferred when indicated