Figure 1.

Flow diagram - T2DM: T2DM is attributed to multiple risk factors, as mentioned above. These factors can cause beta-cell dysfunction over a period of time. Low capacity or dysfunction of the beta cells reduces insulin secretion by the pancreas, which in turn causes hyperglycemia. These risk factors can also lead to increased fatty acid production by the liver, which causes high amounts of glucose secretion to form in the liver. Increased glucose secretion reduces the function of insulin and leads to insulin resistance. Hyperglycaemia leads to low amounts of glucose absorbed by the muscles and causes an immune response. This damages the liver further and increases insulin resistance.