Table 1.
Clinical Trials: MSC-Based Therapies for T2DM
| Identification Code | Clinical Trial Reference | Cell Type Used | Dosage | Enrolled Participants (Age Range) | Intervention Type | Result | Conclusion | Clinical Trial Phase | Country of Origin |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| T1 | [17] | BM-MSC | 1×106 cells/kg IV/DPA |
30 (18–50) | Single group assignment (Interventional) Parallel Assignment (RCT) | Adverse events (AE) of hyper-/hypo- glycemia were noted with IV vs. DPA P>0.05 Reduction in HbA1c, FBG, and C-peptide levels after six months, |
BM-MSC therapy was safe with no AE 50% reduction - insulin dose use 50% reduction -in oral drug use |
2 | Vietnam |
| T2 | [18] | BM-MSC | 3.76x106 Cells/kg IV/DPA |
31 (30–65) | Reduction in glycaemic index and HbAc1. Reduction n C-peptide levels. Low insulin resistance | Insulin free for more than four years. | 2 | China | |
| T3 | [19] | WJ-MSC/UC-MSC | 1×106 Cells/kg; DPA |
61 (18–60) | Parallel assignment (interventional) | Improved beta-cell function and insulin sensitivity. Reduction in glycaemic index and insulin requirement. No diabetic complications | Improved beta cells, low insulin requirement, no diabetic complications | 2 | China |
| T4 | [20] | UC-MSC | 1×106 Cells /kg IV |
100 (35–65) | Factorial Assignment | Decreased FPG, 2hPG, and HbA1c levels. ΔCP30/ΔG30 and AUCCP180 were significantly increased, and HOMA-IR was decreased considerably |
LIRA treatment in combination with UC-MSCs improves glucose metabolism and the β cell function in type 2 diabetic patients | 2 | China |
| T5 | [21] | UC-MSC/PD-MSC | 1.35×106 cells/kg IV/DPA |
10 (18–85) | Single group assessment | Simple, safe, and effective therapeutic approach for T2D patients with islet cell dysfunction. | Further large-scale, randomized and well-controlled clinical studies will be required to substantiate these observations | Early 1 | China |
| T6 | [22] | BM-MSC | 1x106 cells/kg IV/DPA |
10 (30–60) | RCT Parallel assessment | Safe and effective treatment with mild adverse effects such as nausea and vomiting in 2 patients | Significant decrease in HbAc1 levels and FBG levels. A slight elevation in C peptide levels after a six-month follow-up. | 1 | India |
Abbreviations: BM–MSC, Bone marrow-derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells; RCT, Randomized Controlled Trials; DPA, Dorsal Pancreatic Artery; IV, Intravenous; HbA1c, Hemoglobin A1C; FBG, Fasting Blood Glucose; WJ-MSC, Wharton’s Jelly derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells; UC-MSC, Umbilical Cord derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells; HOMA-IR, Homeostatic Model Assessment for Insulin Resistance; PD- MSC, Placenta derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells; LIRA, Liraglutide.