Table 1.
Sociodemographic and peri-surgical characteristics of patients, overall and by Hospital stratification
| Characteristic | Overall, N = 100, n (%) | MNRH, N = 50, n (%) | MRRH, N = 50, n (%) | p-value |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Gender | ||||
| Male | 70 (70.0) | 33 (66.0) | 37 (74.0) | 0.383 |
| Female | 30 (30.0) | 17 (34.0) | 13 (26.0) | |
| Age (Years), Median (IQR) | 37 (25–59) | 30 (22–58) | 39.5 (29–65) | |
| Age categories (Years) | ||||
| Adults (≥ 18) | 84 (84.0) | 39 (78.0) | 45 (90.0) | 0.102 |
| Pediatric (< 18) | 16 (16.0) | 11 (22.0) | 5 (10.0) | |
| Family Socioeconomic class* | ||||
| Upper middle | 7 (7.1) | 2 (4.1) | 5 (10.2) | 0.058 |
| Lower middle | 23 (23.5) | 17 (34.7) | 6 (12.2) | |
| Upper lower | 54 (54.1) | 24 (49.0) | 30 (61.2) | |
| Lower | 14 (14.3) | 6 (12.2) | 8 (16.4) | |
| Admission diagnosis | ||||
| TBI/stroke | 60 (60.0) | 28 (56.0) | 32 (64.0) | 0.591 |
| Upper airway obstruction | 34 (34.0) | 18 (36.0) | 16 (32.0) | |
| Others | 6 (6.0) | 4 (8.0) | 2 (4.0) | |
| Site for surgery | ||||
| Emergency/Casualty | 7 (7.0) | 6 (12.0) | 1 (2.0) | 0.000 |
| ICU/HDU | 54 (54.0) | 22 (44.0) | 32 (64.0) | |
| Operating theatre | 25 (25.0) | 8 (16.0) | 17 (34.0) | |
| Wards (ENT/OMF) | 14 (14.0) | 14 (28.0) | 0 (0.0) | |
| Type of tracheostomy | ||||
| Elective | 57 (57.0) | 25 (50.0) | 32 (64.0) | 0.157 |
| Emergency | 43 (43.0) | 25 (50.0) | 18 (36.0) | |
| Type of tracheal incision | ||||
| T-incision | 39 (39.0) | 2 (4.0) | 37 (74.0) | 0.000 |
| Bjork flap | 9 (9.0) | 0 (0.0) | 9 (18.0) | |
| Vertical* | 48 (48.0) | 47 (94.0) | 1 (2.0) | |
| Horizontal | 4 (4.0) | 1 (2.0) | 3 (6.0) | |
| Closure of skin surgical incision* | 71 (71.7) | 25 (50.0) | 46 (94.0) | 0.000 |
| Cuffed tracheostomy tube use | 89 (89.0) | 47 (94.0) | 42 (84.0) | 0.110 |
| Disposable internal cannula use | 28 (28.0) | 3 (6.0) | 25 (50.0) | 0.000 |
| Peri-operative antibiotic use | 60 (60.0) | 24 (48.0) | 36 (72.0) | 0.014 |
Family socioeconomic classification based on the 2018 modified Kuppuswamy Socioeconomic Scale [18]
*2 patients had missing data for socioeconomic class
*One patient had missing data for closure of skin surgical incision
*Of those who received vertical tracheal incisions, maturation sutures were only placed for 11 patients (under 18 years who received it). Other admission diagnosis included; Abdominal trauma, cut throat injury, lingual cancer, and temporomandibular joint ankylosis. OMF oromaxillofacial, ICU intensive care unit, HDU high dependency unit, ENT ear, nose and throat