Table 5.
Results of univariate and multivariate analysis for factors associated with early tracheostomy-related complications
| Variable | Univariate analysis | Multivariate analysis | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Complication, n (%) | No Complication, n (%) | Unadjusted RR (95% CI) | Adjusted RR (95% CI) | p-value | |
| Hospital | |||||
| Mbarara | 26 (52.0) | 24 (48.0) | 1.0 | ||
| Mulago | 27 (54.0) | 23 (46.0) | 1.1 (0.72 – 1.50) | ||
| Gender | |||||
| Female | 12 (40.0) | 18 (60.0) | 1.0 | 1.0 | 0.132 |
| Male | 41 (58.6) | 29 (41.4) | 1.5 (0.91 – 2.36) | 1.4 (0.91 – 2.04) | |
| Age category (Years) | |||||
| Adults (≥ 18) | 43 (51.2)) | 41 (48.8) | 1.0 | 1.0 | 0.048 |
| Pediatric (< 18) | 10 (62.5) | 6 (37.5) | 1.2 (0.79 – 1.88) | 1.2 (1.00 – 1.47) | |
| Post-operative feeding mode | |||||
| Nasogastric tube | 31 (45.6) | 37 (54.4) | 1.0 | ||
| Oral feeding | 22 (68.7) | 10 (31.3) | 1.5 (1.06 – 2.13) | ||
| Admission diagnosis | |||||
| Upper airway obstruction | 23 (67.7) | 11 (32.3) | 1.0 | 1.0 | |
| TBI/stroke | 28 (46.7) | 32 (53.3) | 0.7 (0.48 – 0.98) | 0.8 (0.57 – 1.44) | 0.234 |
| Others | 02 (33.3) | 04 (66.7) | 0.5 (0.15 – 1.56) | 0.5 (0.15 – 1.84) | 0.317 |
| Post-operative ventilation mode | |||||
| Spontaneous | 19 (41.3) | 27 (58.7) | 1.0 | ||
| Ventilator assisted | 34 (63.0) | 20 (37.0) | 1.5 (1.02 – 2.27) | ||
| Site for surgery | |||||
| Wards (ENT/OMF) | 7 (50.0) | 7 (50.0) | 1.0 | 1.0 | |
| Emergency/casualty | 4 (57.2) | 3 (42.8) | 1.4 (0.49 – 2.62) | 1.2 (0.55 – 2.82) | 0.609 |
| ICU/HDU | 25 (46.3) | 29 (53.7) | 0.9 (0.51 – 1.68) | 1.6 (0.94 – 2.79) | 0.083 |
| Operating theatre | 17 (68.0) | 8 (32.0) | 1.4 (0.75 – 2.45) | 1.5 (0.88 – 2.64) | 0.127 |
| Indication for tracheostomy | |||||
| Pulmonary toilet | 29 (50.0) | 29 (50.0) | 1.0 | 1.0 | |
| Anticipated prolonged intubation | 16 (38.1) | 26 (61.9) | 1.7 (1.08 – 2.58) | 1.8 (1.19 – 2.76) | 0.005 |
| Airway protection | 16 (57.1) | 12 (42.9) | 1.1 (0.75 – 1.64) | 1.4 (0.79 – 1.64) | 0.605 |
| Anticipated difficult intubation | 5 (55.6) | 4 (44.4) | 1.1 (0.57 – 1.95) | 1.3 (0.57 – 1.90) | 0.872 |
| Upper airway obstruction | 24 (66.7) | 12 (33.3) | 1.5 (1.03 – 2.09) | 1.5 (1.03 – 2.09) | 0.062 |
| Tracheostomy type | |||||
| Elective | 28 (49.1) | 29 (50.1) | 1.0 | ||
| Emergency | 25 (58.0) | 18 (42.0) | 1.2 (0.82 – 1.70) | ||
| Type of tracheal incision | |||||
| T-Incision | 17 (43.6) | 22 (56.4) | 1.0 | 1.0 | |
| Bjork flap | 8 (88.9) | 1 (11.1) | 2.0 (1.33 – 3.11) | 1.6 (1.09 – 2.43) | 0.016 |
| Vertical | 26 (54.2) | 22 (45.8) | 1.2 (0.79 – 1.93) | 1.5 (1.02 – 2.27) | 0.037 |
| Horizontal | 2 (50.0) | 2 (50.0) | 1.1 (0.40 – 3.25) | 1.6 (0.83 – 2.99) | 0.165 |
| Cuffed tracheostomy tube | |||||
| Yes | 45 (50.6) | 44 (49.4) | 1.0 | ||
| No | 8 (72.7) | 3 (27.3) | 1.4 (0.94 – 2.18) | ||
| Peri-operative antibiotics | |||||
| Yes | 27 (45.0) | 33 (55.0) | 1.0 | ||
| No | 26 (65.0) | 14 (35.0) | 1.4 (1.00 – 2.07) | ||
TBI Traumatic brain injury, OMF oromaxillofacial, ICU intensive care unit, HDU high dependency unit, ENT ear, nose and throat