Table 3.
AXIS quality assessment results of the included studies.
| Q1 | Q2 | Q3 | Q4 | Q5 | Q6 | Q7 | Q8 | Q9 | Q10 | Q11 | Q12 | Q13 | Q14 | Q15 | Q16 | Q17 | Q18 | Q19 | Q20 | Overall (%) | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 60 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 100 |
| 80 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | NA | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | NA | NA | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 100 |
| 84 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | NA | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | NA | NA | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 100 |
| 78 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 1 | NA | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | NA | NA | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 94 |
| 132 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 1 | NA | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | NA | NA | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 94 |
| 35 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | NA | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 1 | NA | NA | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 88 |
| 40 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | NA | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | NA | NA | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 88 |
| 48 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 1 | NA | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | NA | NA | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 88 |
| 49 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 1 | NA | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | NA | NA | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 88 |
| 56 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | NA | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | NA | NA | 1 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 88 |
| 66 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 1 | NA | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | NA | NA | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 88 |
| 68 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | NA | 1 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 1 | NA | NA | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 88 |
| 69 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 1 | NA | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | NA | NA | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 88 |
| 70 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 1 | NA | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | NA | NA | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 88 |
| 74 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 1 | NA | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | NA | NA | 1 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 88 |
| 55 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 1 | NA | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | NA | NA | 1 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 82 |
| 57 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 1 | NA | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | NA | NA | 1 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 82 |
| 71 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 1 | NA | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 1 | NA | NA | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 82 |
| 75 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 1 | NA | 1 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 1 | NA | NA | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 82 |
| 77 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 1 | NA | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | NA | NA | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 82 |
| 86 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | NA | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | NA | NA | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 82 |
| 33 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | NA | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 | NA | NA | 1 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 76 |
| 44 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 1 | NA | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 1 | NA | NA | 1 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 76 |
| 46 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | NA | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | NA | NA | 1 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 76 |
| 50 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 0 | NA | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 | NA | NA | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 76 |
| 59 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | NA | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | NA | NA | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 76 |
| 61 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 1 | NA | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | NA | NA | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 76 |
| 65 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | NA | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | NA | NA | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 76 |
| 83 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | NA | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | NA | NA | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 76 |
| 85 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | NA | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | NA | NA | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 76 |
| 88 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | NA | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | NA | NA | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 76 |
| 81 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | NA | NA | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 72 |
| 34 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | NA | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 | NA | NA | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 71 |
| 58 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | NA | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 1 | NA | NA | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 71 |
| 79 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 1 | NA | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 1 | NA | NA | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 71 |
| 131 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 1 | NA | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | NA | NA | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 71 |
| 133 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | NA | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 1 | NA | NA | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 71 |
| 63 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 0 | NA | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 | NA | NA | 1 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 65 |
| 67 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | NA | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 1 | NA | NA | 1 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 65 |
| 41 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 0 | NA | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | NA | NA | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 59 |
| 43 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 0 | NA | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 | NA | NA | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 59 |
| 45 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | NA | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 1 | NA | NA | 1 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 59 |
| 76 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | NA | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | NA | NA | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 59 |
| 51 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | NA | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 | NA | NA | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 53 |
| 134 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 1 | NA | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 1 | NA | NA | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 53 |
| 62 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | NA | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 1 | NA | NA | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 47 |
| 42 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 0 | NA | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | NA | NA | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 47 |
| 47 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | NA | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | NA | NA | 1 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 35 |
| 64 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | NA | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | NA | NA | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 35 |
1 = positive response, 0 = negative response or unclear, and NA = not applicable.
Quality of reporting: Q1, Q4, Q10, Q11, Q12, Q16, and Q18; Quality of study design: Q2, Q3, Q5, Q8, Q17, Q19, and Q20; Potential biases: Q6, Q7, Q9, Q13, Q14, and Q15.
NA was excluded for computing the overall score of each study.