Table 3.

Gaps and Research Opportunities Relating to Sex and Gender in DLB

Knowledge or Care Gap	Potential Research Opportunities
Differences in presenting phenotype and clinicopathological correlations	Large-scale clinicopathologic studies with assessment of both sex and gender
Risk Factors	- Studies examining genetic risk factors (e.g. APOE, GBA) - Studies investigating hormonal influences (pregnancy, menopause, estrogen/hormone replacement therapy, androgen-deprivation treatment, transgender health, etc.) - Evaluation of environmental exposures, comorbidities (cerebrovascular risk factors, etc.), demographics (education, ethnicity/race, age, etc.) and how they may differ by sex/gender
Under- or misdiagnosis	Studies of pragmatic approaches to increase recognition of DLB generally and with sex- and gender-specific considerations
Biomarker differences by sex/gender	Targeted recruitment of diverse populations for biomarker studies and subanalyses by sex and gender
Progression	Natural history studies with diverse recruitment (including by sex/gender) and associated subanalyses
Treatment	- Stratifying by sex/gender during randomization - Inclusion of biomarkers in DLB treatment trials (as this may be different by sex and affect treatment response) - Assessment of treatment response by sex/gender
Caregiving	- Research on differential caregiver experiences by sex and gender, access to healthcare/resources, and potential value of specific interventions