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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2023 May 7.
Published in final edited form as: Neuroimage. 2022 Sep 20;263:119640. doi: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2022.119640

Figure 4: Distinct spike responses and dynamics evoked by stimulations of neurons specific to M1 layers correlating with fMRI results.

Figure 4:

(A) Quantification of significant changes in firing rate across recorded units. For each unit, paired student t-test was applied and results with p < 0.05 were considered significant (n = 4 animals per Cre-line, total N = 16 animals). Red, blue, and gray indicate units with significant increase, significant decrease, and no significant change, respectively, during stimulation. Over half were modulated by nearly all M1 stimulations at 5 Hz. Nearly all modulated units exhibited a significant increase in firing rate except for those in the ipsilateral VL during Rbp4 (within L5) and Ntsr1 (within L6) stimulations. (B) Spike raster plots across all units with significant increased firing rates in the ipsilateral M1, CPu, and VL during layer-specific stimulation. Robust increases in spike rates were observed in the ipsilateral M1 and CPu during stimulation within L2/3, L4, L5, and L6, while robust increase in spike rate in ipsilateral VL was only observed during stimulation within L4, L5, and L6. (C) Average firing rates of units with significant increase before, during, and after stimulation (10 s periods, one-way ANOVA followed by Bonferroni’s post hoc test; *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01 and ***p < 0.001; error bars indicate ±SEM). (D) Scatter plots of total absolute value of percentage spike rate change of all neurons against BOLD-fMRI area under the curve and against change in LFP amplitude.