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. 2022 Sep 27;72(4):917–928. doi: 10.1007/s00262-022-03290-6

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© The Author(s) 2022

Open AccessThis article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Fig. 5 — dnTGFβRII confers resistance against TGF-β in LCAR-M23 CAR T cells. a Western blotting of SMAD2 and pSMAD2 expression in LCAR-M23 CAR T cells and F3M CAR T cells. Results showed that dnTGFβRII inhibited phosphorylation of SMAD2. b Proliferation of LCAR-M23 CAR T cells and F3M CAR T cells in a long-term co-culture assay. c Tumour growth curve based on data obtained after analysis using the OVCAR-8 xenograft mouse model. LCAR-M23 CAR T cells exhibited more potent antitumour efficacy than F3M CAR at a suboptimal dose. d Distribution of T cells in the tumour of 3 groups determined by IHC staining with anti-human CD45 antibody, anti-human CD4 antibody, anti-human CD8α antibody, anti-human Foxp 3 antibody CAR, chimeric antigen receptor; dnTGFβRII, dominant-negative transforming growth factor-β receptor type II; MSLN, mesothelin; SMAD2, mothers against decapentaplegic homolog 2; pSMAD2, phosphorylated SMAD2, TGF-β1, transforming growth factor beta 1; UnT, untransduced T cells; IHC, immunohistochemistry. n = 3 each group, × 400 magnification, scale bar represents 50 μm. Quantification of CD45, CD8, CD4 and Foxp 3/CD4 score of all groups by the criterion has been described in the methods. Error bars represent mean ± SEM. *p < 0.05 ** p < 0.01, *** p < 0.001