Table 1.
Synopsis of papers included in the review targeting VIM, GPi or both in patients with different forms of tremor and dystonia
| Ref | Author | Year | Patients (n) | Surgical strategy and target | Tremor: improvement | Dystonia: improvement | Notes or clinical details |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| (1) Sporadic, adult-onset dystonia | |||||||
| [4] | Cury | 2017 | 6 |
VLp DBS (4 UL, 2 BL) One patient had previously received UL thalamotomy |
41% | 30% (but deterioration over time) | -Three patients were successively implanted with GPi due to the worsening of dystonic symptoms |
| [6] | Hedera | 2013 | 4 |
VIM-DBS (3 UL, 1 BL) |
93% | − 10% | |
| [7] | Morishita | 2010 | 2 |
VIM-DBS (1 UL, 1 BL) |
40%% | NA | |
| [10] | Woehrle | 2009 | 1 | VIM-DBS (BL) | Marked | 58% | |
| [14] | Vercueil | 2001 | 3 |
-Right VLp DBS on previous Left thalamotomy (n = 2) -Bilateral VLp DBS (n = 1) |
Moderate to marked | Not satisfactory | Bilateral DBS was performed in a case of head dystonic tremor |
| [16] | Buhmann | 2013 | 1 | Ventral-lateral thalamic base DBS (BL) | 60% | 71.40% | Cervical dystonia with head dystonic tremor |
| [19] | Deuschl | 2002 | 1 | VIM-DBS (BL) | Successful control | Mild progression | |
| [6] | Hedera | 2013 | 4 | Gpi-DBS (BL) | 47 | 63 | |
| [14] | Vercueil | 2001 | 1 |
GPi-DBS (BL) (previous VLp but progression of dystonia) |
Moderate | 68% | Chronic stimulation with GPi only |
| [15] | Torres | 2010 | 1 | Gpi-DBS (UL) | 75 | 60 | Cervical dystonia with head dystonic tremor |
| [17] | Valalik | 2011 | 1 | Pallidotomy (UL) | Suppressed | 88% | Meige syndrome with head dystonic tremor |
| [18] | Krause | 2004 | 1 | Gpi (BL) | Unsatisfactory | 17% (transient) | Cervical dystonia with head dystonic tremor |
| [9] | Schadt | 2007 | 1 | Double target DBS (BL VIM + BL GPi) | Marked | Marked/dramatic | |
| [6] | Hedera | 2013 | 2 | Double target DBS (UL VIM + BL GPi) | 55% | 64% | One patient had received previous contralateral thalamotomy |
| [7] | Morishita | 2010 | 1 | Double target DBS (BL VIM + BL GPi) | 45% | 70% | |
| (2) Primary writing tremor | |||||||
| [20] | Lyons | 2013 | 1 | VIM-DBS (UL) | 100% | Na | |
| [21] | Racette | 2000 | 1 | VIM-DBS (UL) | 90% | Na | |
| [22] | Minguez Castellanos | 1999 | 1 | VIM-DBS (UL) | 85.20% | Na | |
| [23] | Meng | 2018 | 1 |
VIM-Vop MRI-FUSS (UL) |
Suppressed | Na | |
| (3) Other forms | |||||||
| [10] | Woehrle | 2009 | 1 | VIM BL DBS | Marked improvement | 59.50% | |
| [24] | Loher | 2009 | 1 | Vop UL Thalamotomy | Slight improvement | Slight improvement (marked on torticollis) | Post-traumatic pontomesencephalic lesion |
| [25] | Alvarez | 2014 | 1 | VIM UL thalamotomy | Suppressed | Suppressed | Post-Thalamic stroke |
| [26] | Carvalho | 2014 | 1 | GPi UL DBS | 80% | Not reported | Post-traumatic (thalamic lesion) |
| [8] | Oropilla | 2010 | 1 | Double target UL GPi + UL VIM-DBS | 62% | 80.77% | Myoclonic dystonia |
| [27] | Kuncel | 2009 | 1 | VIM BL DBS | 100% | Not reported | Myoclonic dystonia |
| [28] | Coenen | 2018 | 1 | GPi BL DBS | Suppressed | Very marked improvement (tongue) | Mohr–Tranebjaerg syndrome |
Some articles report more than one target or different forms of dystonia; therefore, the same article may appear more than once in the tables
BL bilateral, DBS deep brain stimulation, GPi globus pallidus pars interna, MRI-FUSS magnetic resonance imaging focussed ultrasound stereotactic surgery, UL unilateral, VLP ventrolateral posterior nucleus, VIM ventral intermediate nucleus, Vop ventral oralis posterior nucleus