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. 2023 Mar 6;10:1103017. doi: 10.3389/frobt.2023.1103017

FIGURE 2.

FIGURE 2

The therapeutic scenarios for the digital therapeutic system E-BRAiN using a humanoid robot to provide therapeutic interaction during arm rehabilitation sessions [i.e., AAT for mild arm paresis (A) and ABT for moderate-to-severe arm paresis (B)] for stroke survivors. It should be noted in the scenario for the AAT (A), the patient is able to train the (mildly) affected right arm self-sufficiently; here, the robot provides all therapeutic interactions (information provision, feedback, and bond-related interaction) while the patient is led through a sequence of training tasks; the supervising staff in the background is only monitoring the situation and ready to step in in case the system designed to run autonomously showed an error or a patient’s need could not be met by the system. The situation for the ABT is similar with regard to the role of the humanoid robot and supervising staff; here, however, a helper is integrated as a third active agent (in addition to the patient and humanoid robot), a person not qualified as a therapist, who is also guided by the humanoid robot and provides physical assistance as needed for the training of a severely paretic arm.