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. 2023 Mar 6;17:1148258. doi: 10.3389/fnins.2023.1148258

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Copyright © 2023 Zulfugarova, Zivari-Ghader, Maharramova, Ahmadian, Eftekhari, Khalilov, Turksoy, Rosić and Selakovic.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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The function of glycyrrhizin in the inflammatory cascade of the neural system. Glycyrrhizin binds to HMGB1 and prevents HMGB1/RAGE and HMGB1/TLR4 interaction. Therefore, NF-B signaling is suppressed and pro-inflammatory cytokines such as TNF-, IL-6, and IL-1 are reduced. Furthermore, glycyrrhizin prevents nuclear translocation of HMGB1 to the cytoplasm and consequent extracellular release, thus also reducing HMGB1’s extracellular pro-inflammatory actions. Tumor necrosis factor (TNF), receptor for advanced glycation end products (RAGE), interleukin (IL), nuclear factor light chain enhancer of activated B cells (NF-B), toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4).