Table 2.

The function and target molecules of drugs tested in neurodegenerative disease models in different cellular stress conditions.

Condition	Drug name	Target Molecule(s)	Function	Reference
ER stress	Salubrinal	ATF4	Inhibit transcription of apoptotic factors	Kim et al. (2014) and Ghemrawi and Khair (2020)
	Salubrinal	ASK1	Prevent apoptosis by affecting downstream molecules of JNK/MAPK pathway	Ghemrawi and Khair (2020)
	Adaptaquin	ATF4	Inhibit transcription of apoptotic factors	Aime et al. (2020)
	C16	ATF4	Inhibit transcription of apoptotic factorsreduce neuronal death caused by neurotoxins	Demmings et al. (2021)
	Trazodone	p-eIF2α	Decrease ATF4 levels	Halliday et al. (2017)
	Dibenzoylmethane	p-eIF2α	Decrease ATF4 levels	Halliday et al. (2017)
	GSK2606414	PERK	Inhibit PERK pathway by preventing the phosphorylation of eIF2α	Mercado et al. (2018)
	IRSIB	PERK	Reduce ATF4 and CHOP levels	Halliday et al. (2015) and Halliday et al. (2017)
	KIRA6	IRE1	Break IRE1 oligomersinhibit RNase activity of IRE1	Ghosh et al. (2014)
	Kaempferol	ATF6, IRE1, PERK, CHOP	Reduce the expression of mentioned factors	Abdullah and Ravanan (2018)
	DHCR24	BiP, CHOP	Reduce the expression of mentioned factorsattenuate apoptotic signaling pathways	Lu X. et al. (2014)
	xestospongin C	IP3R	Regulate Ca2+ homeostasis	Wang et al. (2019)
	Ryanodine	RyR	Regulate Ca2+ homeostasis	Adasme et al. (2015)
	4-Phenyl Butyric acid	Unfolded protein	Interaction between hydrophobic regions of the chaperone and hydrophobic regions of the unfolded protein	Pao et al. (2021)
Oxidative stress	Humanin	Pro-apoptotic Bcl-2 family	Inhibit CytC and AIF release	Ma and Liu (2018) and Hazafa et al. (2021)
	L-NAT	Caspase	Inhibit CytC and AIF releaseinhibit caspase activity	Li et al. (2015) and Sirianni et al. (2015)
	NAS	NA	Increase antioxidant levels	Yoo et al. (2017)
	CoQ10	Mitochondrial permeability transition pore	Inhibit CytC and AIF release	Young et al. (2007) and Akanji et al. (2021)
	Diphenyleneiodonium	NADPH oxidase	Inhibit ROS production by NOX activity	Chocry and Leloup (2020)
	Apocynin	NADPH oxidase	Inhibit ROS production by NOX activity	Chocry and Leloup (2020)
	VAS2870	NADPH oxidase	Inhibit ROS production by NOX activity	Chocry and Leloup (2020)
	Aucubin	Nrf2	Regulating mitochondrial membrane potential and decreasing ROS generation	Wang et al. (2020) and Li Y. C. et al. (2021)
	Salidroside	Pro-apoptotic Bcl-2 family caspase	Inhibit CytC and AIF release inhibit caspase activation	Wang et al. (2015)
	Borneol	pro-apoptotic Bcl-2 family	Inhibit Cyt C and AIF release	Hur et al. (2013)
	[6]-Gingerol	Free radicals	Scavenge free radicals and decrease phospholipid peroxidation	Lee et al. (2011)
	Isoorientin	GSK-3β	Blocks GSK-3β via an ATP noncompetitive inhibition to attenuate tau hyperphosphorylation	Liang et al. (2016)
Neuroinflammation	Rosmarinic acid	miR-155-5p	Attenuate inflammation by miR-155–5p regulation	Lv et al. (2020)
	Alpha1-antitrypsin	Calpain	Inhibit calpain activity	Feng et al. (2020)
	Alpha1-antitrypsin	NA	Attenuate microglial inflammation	Feng et al. (2020)
	Epigallocatechin-3-gallate	NA	Attenuate neuroinflammation	Cheng C.-Y. et al. (2021)
	Aucubin	NF-κB, JNK, p38, and ERK	Reduce phosphorylation levels of mentioned factors to decrease inflammatory factor overexpression	Li Y. C. et al. (2021)
	Hesperetin	TLR4, NF-κB ERK, p38 MAPK	Modulate TLR4/NF-κB signaling pathway downregulate the phosphorylation of ERK and p38 MAPK	Jo et al. (2019) and Muhammad et al. (2019)
	15d-PGJ2	PPAR-γ	Inhibit production of interleukins	Xu et al. (2008)
	Anakinra	IL-1	Inhibit pyroptosis mediated by IL-1β	Wang et al. (2019)
	GW501516	PPAR-β/δ	Attenuate NLRP3-mediated neuroinflammation	Chen et al. (2019) and Altinoz et al. (2021)
	MCC950	NLRP3 inflammasome	Inhibit inflammasome activation	Gordon et al. (2018) and Deora et al. (2020)
	Dihydromyricetin (DHM)	NLRP3 inflammasome	Inhibit inflammasome activation	Feng et al. (2018)
	Benzyl isothiocyanate (BITC)	IL-1β, NLRP3 inflammasome	Inhibition of IL-1β release and NLRP3 inflammasome	Lee et al. (2016)
	Dopamine	Dopamine D1 receptor	The binding of cAMP with NLRP3 and NLRP3 degradation	Yan et al. (2015)
	Baicalein	NLRP3 inflammasome, Caspase	Decreasing pro-inflammatory cytokines production	Rui et al. (2020)
	Resveratrol	NF-κB	Decrease phosphorylation of NF-κB Inhibit microglial activation	(Zhong et al. (2012), Zhang et al. (2017), and Huang et al. (2021)