Table 1.

Normal standards on male semen quality parameters.

Parameters	Lower limit of the reference value
Semen volume (ml)	1.5 (1.4–1.7)
Sperm density (× 106/ml)	15 (12–16)
Sperm activation rate (%)	40% (38–42%)
Percentage of sperm forward movement (%)	32% (31–34%)
Sperm survival rate (%)	58% (55–63%)
Normal rate of sperm morphology (%)	4% (3–4%)
pH	7.2