Table 1.
Convergent validity.
| Construct | Items | Statements | Factor Loadings | CR | AVE |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Attitude Towards Mental Health | ATT2 | A person who has visited a psychologist’s office does not necessary mean he/she is a person with mental disorder. | 0.713 | 0.890 | 0.508 |
| ATT3 | Anyone can suffer from mental health problems. | 0.783 | |||
| ATT4 | Talking to someone with mental health problems is the same as talking to anyone else. | 0.547 | |||
| ATT5 | People need to adopt a more caring and sympathetic attitude towards people with mental health problems. | 0.709 | |||
| ATT6 | People with mental health problems are not dangerous/violent. | 0.616 | |||
| ATT7 | Most people with mental health problems recovered. | 0.614 | |||
| ATT8 | People with mental health problems should have the same rights as anyone else. | 0.836 | |||
| ATT9 | People with mental health problems should not be blamed for their own condition. | 0.825 | |||
| Mental Health Awareness | AWARE1 | How aware are you of mental health? | 0.883 | 0.920 | 0.696 |
| AWARE2 | How aware are you of the causes of mental health problems? | 0.880 | |||
| AWARE3 | How aware are you of the signs and symptoms of mental health problems? | 0.831 | |||
| AWARE4 | How aware are you of the ways to prevent mental health problems? | 0.813 | |||
| AWARE5 | How aware are you of where to seek consultation and treatment for mental health problems? | 0.759 | |||
| Familiarity | FAM1 | I have watched a television show that included a person with mental illness. | 0.971 | 0.753 | 0.621 |
| FAM2 | I have observed a person with severe mental illness. | 0.548 | |||
| Knowledge on Mental Health | KMH1 | Mental health plays a vital role in our overall health. | 0.793 | 0.951 | 0.550 |
| KMH10 | If one is diagnosed with severe mental disorder such as schizophrenia, medication is needed to be taken continuously. (Schizophrenia is a brain disorder that affects how people think, feel, and perceive the reality.) | 0.708 | |||
| KMH11 | An optimistic attitude towards life, good interpersonal relationships and a healthy lifestyle are helpful to keep a good mental health. | 0.781 | |||
| KMH12 | People with a family history of mental disorders have a higher chance of developing mental disorders or mental problems. | 0.572 | |||
| KMH13 | Mental problems in adolescents does influence their academic achievement. | 0.841 | |||
| KMH14 | The possibility of mental problems or disorders is much higher among the middle and old age people. | 0.621 | |||
| KMH15 | Someone with an unstable temperament is more prone to have mental problems. | 0.682 | |||
| KMH16 | High psychological stress or major life events could induce mental problems or disorders. | 0.838 | |||
| KMH2 | Mental illnesses could be caused by something wrong in thoughts. | 0.788 | |||
| KMH3 | Most people may have a mental problem, but they may not notice the problem. | 0.762 | |||
| KMH4 | Mental illnesses could be caused by stress. | 0.836 | |||
| KMH5 | Mental health includes normal intelligence, stable mood, harmonious relationships, and good ability to adapt and so on. | 0.698 | |||
| KMH6 | Most mental illnesses patients could be cured. | 0.556 | |||
| KMH7 | Psychological or psychiatric services should be sought if one suspects the presence of psychological problems or a mental disorder. | 0.818 | |||
| KMH8 | Individuals at any age can have a mental problem. | 0.797 | |||
| KMH9 | Mental illnesses or psychological problems can be prevented. | 0.683 | |||
| Knowledge on Professional Help | KPH1 | Cognitive Behaviour Therapy is a therapy based on challenging negative thoughts and increasing helpful behaviours. | 0.848 | 0.800 | 0.574 |
| KPH2 | Mental health professionals have to reveal a patient’s health conditions to others in the case of one is at risk of creating harm to own-self and others. | 0.725 | |||
| KPH3 | Given that the patient mental health condition does not pose a serious threat to own’s and others' lives, the mental health professionals will not reveal patient’s health conditions to others in order for others to better support the patient. | 0.691 | |||
| Media Exposure | MED1 | I often watch television programmes on mental health. | 0.822 | 0.913 | 0.679 |
| MED2 | I often read about mental health articles from the newspaper. | 0.813 | |||
| MED3 | I often read/watch about mental health topics from the mobile phone apps or website. | 0.900 | |||
| MED4 | I often read/watch about mental health topics from the social media platform (ie: facebook, Instagram, twitter etc.). | 0.881 | |||
| MED5 | I often hear about mental health topics on the radio. | 0.689 |
Note: CR: Composite Reliability; AVE: Average Variance Extracted.