Table 3.
Study | Total | Joint preparation | Joint fixation | Weight-bearing | Follow-up, months | Non-union, n (%) | |||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
F-O-F | Cx/Cn | HI | P+S | CPCS | CS | Plate | Otherα | FWFPS | FWHWS | PW | No | Yes | |||
Asif et al. (29) | 104 | - | 104 | - | - | - | 104 | - | - | 104 | - | - | 2 | 98 (94.2) | 6 (5.8) |
Bass et al. (30) | 13 | - | 13 | - | 13 | - | - | - | - | - | 13 | - | 12 | 13 (100) | 0 (0) |
Chan et al. (31) | 3 | - | 3 | - | - | - | - | - | 3β | 3 | - | - | 1.5 | 0 (0) | 3 (100) |
Chien et al. (16) | 47 | - | 47 | - | 47 | - | - | - | - | - | 47 | - | 1.5 | 46 (97.9) | 1 (2.1) |
Dalat et al. (32) | 208 | - | 208 | - | 208 | - | - | - | - | 208 | - | - | 18.6 | 202 (97.1) | 6 (2.9) |
Doty et al. (33) | 17 | - | 17 | - | 17 | - | - | - | - | - | 17 | - | 12 | 16 (94.1) | 1 (5.9) |
Dureja et al. (34) | 12 | - | 12 | - | - | - | - | - | 12γ | - | 12 | - | 4 | 12 (100) | 0 (0) |
Füssenich et al. (18) | 77 | 5 | - | - | - | 5 | - | - | - | - | 5 | - | 1.5 | 4 (80) | 1 (20) |
- | 48 | - | - | - | 48 | - | - | - | 48 | - | 34 (70.8) | 14 (29.2) | |||
- | 2 | - | - | - | - | 2 | - | - | 2 | - | 2 (100) | 0 (0) | |||
- | - | 16 | - | - | 16 | - | - | - | 16 | - | 13 (81.3) | 3 (18.7) | |||
- | - | 6 | - | - | - | 6 | - | - | 6 | - | 6 (100) | 0 (0) | |||
Gould et al. (9) | 1 | - | 1 | - | - | 1 | - | - | - | 1 | - | - | 12 | 0 (0) | 1 (100) |
Hoveidaei et al. (35) | 15 | - | - | 15 | - | 15 | - | - | - | NA | NA | NA | 6 | 14 (93.3) | 1 (6.7) |
Korim & Allen (12) | 49 | 49 | - | - | - | - | 49 | - | - | - | 49 | - | 3 | 38 (77.6) | 11 (22.4) |
Lee et al. (36) | 25 | - | - | 25 | - | - | - | 25 | - | - | 25 | - | 6 | 20 (80) | 5 (20) |
Maleki et al. (37) | 274 | - | 185 | - | - | - | 185 | - | - | - | 185 | - | 12 | 174 (94.1) | 11 (5.9) |
- | 89 | - | - | - | - | 89 | - | - | 89 | - | 83 (93.3) | 6 (6.7) | |||
Riediger et al. (38) | 77 | - | 77 | - | - | - | - | 77 | - | - | 77 | - | 24 | 75 (97.4) | 2 (2.6) |
Rippstein et al. (39) | 8 | - | - | 8 | - | - | 8 | - | - | - | - | 8 | 14.1 | 8 (100) | 0 (0) |
Sarikaya et al. (40) | 4 | - | - | 4 | - | - | - | - | 4δ | - | - | 4 | 29 | 4 (100) | 0 (0) |
Total | 934 | 54 | 806 | 74 | 285 | 16 | 415 | 199 | 19 | 316 | 591 | 12 | 862 (92.3) | 72 (7.7) |
αThe group ‘other’ consisted of an intramedullary device, staples, and k-wires; βStaples; γIntramedullary device; δK-wires.
CPCS, cross plate compression screw; CS, crossed screws; Cx/Cn, convex/concave; F-O-F, flat-on-flat; FWFPS, full weight-bearing on flat postoperative shoe; FWHWS, full weight-bearing on heel weight-bearing shoe; HI, hand instruments; P+S, plate+screw; PW, partial weight-bearing.