Table 1.

Next generation risk markers in preventive cardio-oncology

	Why risk marker	How/when/by whom	Implications
BAC on mammography	BAC is associated with CVD risk factors, CVD events, and increased all-cause mortality	How: screening and diagnostic mammograms When: per breast cancer screening guidelines By whom: reported by radiologists. Applied via PCP, cardio-oncology, cardiology	Expedited CVD risk assessment and preventions Breast cancer screening
CAC on CT scan	CAC scores on CT scans for lung cancer, radiation planning, and cancer staging are associated with CV events and death	How: cardiac-gated and non-cardiac-gated CT scans When: per lung cancer screening guidelines, cancer staging, and radiation planning By whom: reported by radiologists and radiooncologists. Applied via PCP, cardio-oncology, and cardiology	Expedited CVD risk assessment and preventions Screening for lung CA, staging of cancer, and radiation planning
CHIP	Confers increased risk of hematologic malignancy and even a great risk of CVD	How: blood sequencing When: known solid malignancy, genetic sequencing in hematologic abnormality, or direct-to-consumer sequencing By whom: reported by geneticist, pathologist, or oncologist. Applied by oncology, cardiology, and cardio-oncology	Expedited CVD risk assessment and preventions Surveillance for hematologic neoplasia
Cancer and cancer treatment	Cancer and CVD have shared baseline risk factors and are driven through similar inflammatory processes. Cardiotoxic therapies also contribute to CVD	How: Cancer diagnosis should prompt immediate CVD risk assessment with continued reevaluation When: diagnosis, treatment, and survivorship By whom: continued CVD surveillance by PCP, cardiology, and cardio-oncology	Aggressive CVD risk assessment, prevention, and treatment