Table 4.
Association between exposure to vaccination and adverse pregnancy outcomes or pregnancy complications*.
| Proximal exposure | Distal exposure | Exposure at any time | OR† (95% CI) | p-value† | ||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| HE vaccine group (n=213) | HPV vaccine group (n=225) | OR (95% CI) | p-value | HE vaccine group (n=1471) | HPV vaccine group (n=1435) | OR (95% CI) | p-value | HE vaccine group (n=1684) | HPV vaccine group (n=1660) | OR (95% CI) | p-value | |||
| Abnormal fetal loss | 14 (6.6) | 18 (8.0) | 0.80 (0.38,1.70) | 0.5668 | 94 (6.4) | 91 (6.3) | 1.02 (0.76,1.37) | 0.9037 | 108 (6.4) | 109 (6.6) | 0.98 (0.74,1.29) | 0.8935 | 1.17 (0.64,2.15) | 0.6092 |
| Spontaneous abortion | 14 (6.6) | 13 (5.8) | 1.13 (0.51,2.53) | 0.7604 | 65 (4.4) | 69 (4.8) | 0.92 (0.65,1.31) | 0.6560 | 79 (4.7) | 82 (4.9) | 0.95 (0.69,1.31) | 0.7585 | 1.67 (0.91,3.08) | 0.0989 |
| Stillbirth | 0 (0.0) | 1 (0.4) | NA | NA | 16 (1.1) | 12 (0.8) | 1.31 (0.62,2.78) | 0.4853 | 16 (1.0) | 13 (0.8) | 1.22 (0.58,2.55) | 0.5948 | NA | NA |
| Maternal complications | 0 (0.0) | 4 (1.8) | NA | NA | 13 (0.9) | 10 (0.7) | 1.29 (0.56,2.98) | 0.5478 | 13 (0.8) | 14 (0.8) | 0.93 (0.43,2.00) | 0.8557 | NA | NA |
| Neonatal abnormality | 9 (4.2) | 4 (1.8) | 2.46 (0.74,8.18) | 0.1429 | 80 (5.4) | 86 (6.0) | 0.91 (0.66,1.24) | 0.5363 | 89 (5.3) | 90 (5.4) | 0.98 (0.72,1.32) | 0.8880 | 0.82 (0.40,1.68) | 0.5876 |
| Abnormal weight | 6 (2.8) | 2 (0.9) | 3.28 (0.64,16.82) | 0.1542 | 54 (3.7) | 66 (4.6) | 0.79 (0.55,1.15) | 0.2174 | 60 (3.6) | 68 (4.1) | 0.87 (0.61,1.24) | 0.4394 | 0.81 (0.34,1.95) | 0.6396 |
| Preterm birth | 1 (0.5) | 2 (0.9) | 0.52 (0.05,5.97) | 0.6004 | 30 (2.0) | 32 (2.2) | 0.92 (0.55,1.55) | 0.7637 | 31 (1.8) | 34 (2.0) | 0.91 (0.55,1.51) | 0.7087 | 0.26 (0.03,1.95) | 0.1905 |
| Low Apgar score | 1 (0.5) | 2 (0.9) | 0.52 (0.05,5.75) | 0.5964 | 8 (0.5) | 6 (0.4) | 1.31 (0.45,3.77) | 0.6196 | 9 (0.5) | 8 (0.5) | 1.11 (0.43,2.88) | 0.8298 | 0.84 (0.11,6.58) | 0.8711 |
| Congenital anomaly and other neonatal complications | 1 (0.5) | 0 (0.0) | NA | NA | 1 (0.1) | 1 (0.1) | 1.00 (0.06,16.70) | 1.0000 | 2 (0.1) | 1 (0.1) | 1.97 (0.18,21.71) | 0.5804 | 7.58 (0.78,73.66) | 0.0807 |
| Pregnancy complications in focus | 3 (1.4) | 5 (2.2) | 0.65 (0.15,2.82) | 0.5684 | 20 (1.4) | 23 (1.6) | 0.85 (0.46,1.59) | 0.6191 | 23 (1.4) | 28 (1.7) | 0.82 (0.46,1.45) | 0.4927 | 1.34 (0.37,4.86) | 0.6592 |
*The reported measures of association are odds ratios estimated with the use of logistic regression model.
†Comparison of the risk between proximal and distal exposures was specifically drawn in the HE vaccine group.
Abbreviations: HE, hepatitis E; HPV, human papillomavirus; OR, odds ratio; NA, no answer; CI, confidence interval.