Anti-diabetic, anti-Alzheimer, and anti-arthritic biological activities of isatin-based Schiff bases 2a, 2b, 3a–d, 4, 5a–c, 6, 7a, and 7b.
| Isatin-based Schiff bases | Anti-diabetic activity | Anti-Alzheimer's activity | Anti-arthritic activity | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| α-Amylase inhibition (%) | Acetylcholinesterase (AChE) inhibition (%) | Proteinase denaturation (%) | Inhibition of proteinase (%) | |
| 2a | 29.84 ± 0.06 | 17.14 ± 0.04 | 19.23 ± 0.04 | 17.03 ± 0.04 |
| 2b | 30.12 ± 0.07 | 17.30 ± 0.04 | 19.40 ± 0.04 | 17.19 ± 0.04 |
| 3a | 31.64 ± 0.07 | 18.17 ± 0.04 | 20.38 ± 0.04 | 18.06 ± 0.04 |
| 3b | 54.76 ± 0.12a | 34.56 ± 0.08a | 37.61 ± 0.08a | 34.57 ± 0.08a |
| 3c | 31.33 ± 0.07 | 17.99 ± 0.04 | 20.18 ± 0.04 | 17.88 ± 0.04 |
| 3d | 34.15 ± 0.07 | 19.61 ± 0.04 | 22.00 ± 0.05 | 19.45 ± 0.04 |
| 4 | 27.89 ± 0.06 | 16.02 ± 0.03 | 17.97 ± 0.04 | 15.92 ± 0.03 |
| 5a | 57.64 ± 0.13a | 36.38 ± 0.08a | 39.59 ± 0.09a | 36.39 ± 0.08a |
| 5b | 55.96 ± 0.12a | 35.32 ± 0.08a | 38.44 ± 0.08a | 35.33 ± 0.08a |
| 5c | 56.52 ± 0.12a | 35.68 ± 0.08a | 38.82 ± 0.08a | 35.69 ± 0.08a |
| 6 | 26.97 ± 0.06 | 15.75 ± 0.03 | 17.24 ± 0.04 | 15.01 ± 0.03 |
| 7a | 31.58 ± 0.07 | 17.99 ± 0.04 | 19.77 ± 0.04 | 17.27 ± 0.04 |
| 7b | 31.90 ± 0.07 | 18.17 ± 0.04 | 19.96 ± 0.04 | 17.44 ± 0.04 |
| ACA | 69.11 ± 0.15 | — | ||
| DIC | 49.33 ± 0.11 | 41.88 ± 0.09 | ||
a
Denotes the most effective compound, values were calculated from three replicates and expressed as mean ± SE; ACA = acarbose; DIC = diclofenac sodium.