Figure 2.

Characterization of myeloid cell subsets in BALF from patients with IPF, CTD-ILD, and sarcoidosis. (A) UMAP plots of concatenated samples visualizing the distribution of CD11b⁺CD11c⁺ myeloid cell subpopulations in BALF from patients with IPF, CTD-ILD, and sarcoidosis. Monocytes are defined by CD64⁺CD14⁺, CCR2⁺ macrophages (Mp) by CCR2⁺ CD64⁺ CD14^–, Alveolar Mp by CD64⁺CD206⁺, dendritic cells (DC) by CD64^– CD206^– CD11c⁺ HLA-DR⁺, unidentified cells by CD64^– CD206^– CD11c^lo HLA-DR^–. (B) The proportions of myeloid cell subpopulations in IPF, CTD-ILD, and sarcoidosis. Graphical plots represent individual samples. Statistical differences were analyzed by two-way ANOVA followed by Tukey’s multiple comparison test. n.s. not significant. (C) Citrus network tree visualizing the hierarchical relationship and intensity of each marker between identified myeloid cell populations gated by CD45⁺CD11b⁺ CD11c⁺ from IPF (n = 8), CTD-ILD (n = 11), and sarcoidosis (n = 10). Clusters with significant differences were represented in red, and those without significant differences in blue. Circle size reflects the number of cells within a given cluster. (D) Heatmap illustrating the expression markers across different clusters of myeloid cells as determined by the Citrus analysis. (E) Citrus-generated violin plots for eight representative and differentially regulated populations. Each cluster number (C#) corresponds to the number shown in panel (C). All differences in abundance were significant at a false discovery rate < 0.01.