In female and male rats, spinal cord injury (SCI) disrupted daily fecal output rhythms. (A) Timeline of fecal collection studies. Rats were placed in the hanging cage at Zeitgeber time (ZT) 9 (3 h prior to lights-off; ZT12). Fecal pellets were collected, counted, and weighed every 3 h for 24 h prior to and after surgery (sham or SCI). Typical fecal output from a healthy rat over the course of a day is schemetized in this figure. After 24 h in the hanging cage, rats were returned to their homecage. (B) SCI rats produced significantly more fecal pellets, particularly during the inactive (light) phase. Fecal output rhythms were disrupted by SCI (in both females and males) at 2 days post-injury (dpi) and 7 dpi. In male rats, SCI-elicited diurnal disruption of pellet production persisted at 14 and 42 dpi. *p < 0.05 for sham vs. SCI at that time-point. Color image is available online.