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. 2023 Mar 7;68:1605583. doi: 10.3389/ijph.2023.1605583

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Copyright © 2023 Yang, Zhang, Du, Wang and Wang.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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The correlation between the daily cigarette smoking amount and pain intensity, negative emotion outcomes (Shanghai, China. 2018–2019). (A) The correlation between the daily cigarette smoking amount and VAS_max. (B) The correlation between the daily cigarette smoking amount and SDS. (C) The correlation between the daily cigarette smoking amount and FABQ_total. (D) The correlation between the daily cigarette smoking amount and FABQ-W. Abbreviations: SDS, Zung Self-rating depression scale; VAS, visual analogue scale; FABQ, fear-avoidance beliefs questionnaire; FABQ-W, FABQ work.