. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2024 Mar 1.

Published in final edited form as: Prostaglandins Leukot Essent Fatty Acids. 2023 Jan 26;190:102542. doi: 10.1016/j.plefa.2023.102542

TABLE 2.

Multivariable linear regression analyses of the associations between fish oil supplementation and circulating lipid mediators, including specialized pro-resolving mediators, among participants from the Mass General Brigham Biobank (n=104)

		Taking Fish Oil vs. Not Taking Fish Oil			Rheumatoid Arthritis vs. Non-Rheumatoid Arthritis			Interaction
	Lipid Mediator	Beta (95%CI)	P value	FDR	Beta (95%CI)	P value	FDR	P value
Pro-Inflammatory	ARA	−0.049 (−0.206, 0.108)	0.54	0.69	0.021 (−0.143, 0.185)	0.80	0.93	0.36
	PGD₂	−0.156 (−0.436, 0.125)	0.27	0.63	0.253 (−0.041, 0.546)	0.09	0.66	0.17
	PGE₂	0.211 (−0.331, 0.754)	0.44	0.63	−0.210 (−0.777, 0.356)	0.46	0.83	0.08
	PGF2a	0.202 (−0.188, 0.593)	0.31	0.63	0.202 (−0.206, 0.609)	0.33	0.74	0.82
	TXB₂	−0.137 (−0.758, 0.485)	0.66	0.78	0.552 (−0.097, 1.200)	0.09	0.66	0.86
	LTB₄	−0.194 (−0.661, 0.273)	0.41	0.63	−0.296 (−0.784, 0.191)	0.23	0.66	0.70
Pro-Resolving	LXA₄	−0.113 (−0.475, 0.248)	0.54	0.69	0.450 (0.072, 0.827)	0.02	0.54	0.47
	LXB4	−0.152 (−0.526, 0.222)	0.42	0.63	−0.130 (−0.520, 0.260)	0.51	0.83	0.91
	EPA	0.309 (0.093, 0.524)	<0.01	0.04	−0.049 (−0.274, 0.176)	0.67	0.84	0.21
	18-HEPE	0.515 (0.210, 0.819)	<0.01	0.01	0.099 (−0.218, 0.417)	0.54	0.83	0.98
	15-HEPE	0.496 (0.229, 0.763)	<0.01	0.01	0.027 (−0.252, 0.305)	0.85	0.93	0.27
	RvE1	0.027 (−0.267, 0.321)	0.86	0.86	0.183 (−0.124, 0.490)	0.24	0.66	0.96
	RvE2	0.093 (−0.239, 0.425)	0.58	0.71	0.213 (−0.134, 0.560)	0.23	0.66	0.40
	RvE3	−0.256 (−0.539, 0.026)	0.07	0.29	0.016 (−0.279, 0.310)	0.92	0.93	0.18
	RvE4	−0.240 (−0.767, 0.287)	0.37	0.63	0.252 (−0.299, 0.802)	0.37	0.76	0.29
	DHA	0.170 (0.020, 0.320)	0.03	0.12	−0.007 (−0.164, 0.150)	0.93	0.93	0.53
	Mar1	0.161 (−0.108, 0.429)	0.24	0.63	−0.057 (−0.338, 0.223)	0.69	0.84	0.91
	Mar2	0.015 (−0.091, 0.122)	0.78	0.84	0.041 (−0.070, 0.152)	0.47	0.83	0.72
	PD1	−0.058 (−0.565, 0.450)	0.82	0.85	−0.147 (−0.677, 0.383)	0.58	0.83	0.75
	17-HDHA	0.395 (0.176, 0.614)	<0.01	0.01	0.141 (−0.087, 0.370)	0.22	0.66	0.92
	14-HDHA	0.366 (0.069, 0.663)	0.02	0.09	−0.088 (−0.398, 0.222)	0.57	0.83	0.69
	RvD1	−0.139 (−0.477, 0.199)	0.41	0.63	0.208 (−0.145, 0.560)	0.25	0.66	0.40
	RvD2	0.146 (−0.053, 0.345)	0.15	0.50	0.104 (−0.104, 0.311)	0.32	0.74	0.85
	RvD3	−0.249 (−0.869, 0.370)	0.43	0.63	0.491 (−0.155, 1.137)	0.13	0.66	0.84
	RvD4	−0.298 (−0.826, 0.229)	0.26	0.63	−0.139 (−0.691, 0.412)	0.62	0.83	0.57
	RvD5	0.099 (−0.118, 0.316)	0.37	0.63	−0.164 (−0.390, 0.063)	0.16	0.66	0.63
	RvD6	−0.083 (−0.576, 0.410)	0.74	0.83	0.028 (−0.487, 0.542)	0.92	0.93	0.80

All analyses are one model, adjusted for age, sex, race, smoking status, body mass index, and statin use.

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Addition of interaction term between RA status and fish oil intake in each model

Abbreviations: ARA, Arachidonic acid, EPA, eicosapentaenoic acid; DHA, docosahexaenoic acid; LTB₄, Leukotriene B₄; LXA₄, Lipoxin A₄; LXB₄, Lipoxin B₄; MaR1–2, Maresin 1–2; PGD₂, Prostaglandin D₂; PGE₂, Prostaglandin E₂; PGF2a, Prostaglandin F2 alpha; TXB₂, Thromboxane B₂; PD1, Protectin D1; RA, rheumatoid arthritis; RvD1, RvD2, RvD3, RvD4, RvD5, and RvD6, D-series resolvins; RvE1, RvE2, RvE3, and RvE4, E-series resolvins; 14-HDHA, 14-hydroxy-docosahexaenoic acid; 15-HEPE, 15-hydroxyeicosapentaenoic acid; 17-HDHA, 17-hydroxy-docosahexaenoic acid; 18-HEPE, 18-hydroxyeicosapentaenoic acid.