TABLE 3.
Multivariable linear regression analyses of the association between fish oil supplementation and circulating lipid mediators, investigating the effect of adjusting for systemic inflammation, among patients with rheumatoid arthritis (n=49) from the Mass General Brigham Biobank
| Lipid Mediator | Beta (95%CI)* | P value* | FDR* | Beta (95%CI)** | P value** | FDR** | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Adjusted for age, sex, race, BMI, and smoking | Fully adjusted model for systemic inflammation | ||||||
| Pro-Inflammatory | ARA | −0.145 (−0.362, 0.073) | 0.19 | 0.750 | −0.114 (−0.345, 0.118) | 0.33 | 0.87 |
| PGD2 | 0.029 (−0.363, 0.421) | 0.88 | 0.946 | 0.113 (−0.310, 0.537) | 0.59 | 0.90 | |
| PGE2 | 0.690 (−0.132, 1.513) | 0.10 | 0.660 | 0.568 (−0.324, 1.460) | 0.21 | 0.87 | |
| PGF2a | 0.072 (−0.450, 0.593) | 0.78 | 0.946 | 0.128 (−0.438, 0.695) | 0.65 | 0.90 | |
| TXB2 | −0.149 (−1.095, 0.796) | 0.75 | 0.946 | −0.200 (−1.237, 0.837) | 0.70 | 0.90 | |
| LTB4 | −0.117 (−0.734, 0.500) | 0.70 | 0.946 | −0.148 (−0.856, 0.560) | 0.67 | 0.90 | |
| Pro-Resolving | LXA4 | −0.038 (−0.523, 0.447) | 0.87 | 0.946 | −0.075 (−0.591, 0.441) | 0.77 | 0.90 |
| LXB4 | −0.181 (−0.724, 0.362) | 0.51 | 0.853 | −0.091 (−0.671, 0.489) | 0.75 | 0.90 | |
| EPA | 0.148 (−0.210, 0.505) | 0.41 | 0.750 | 0.165 (−0.214, 0.543) | 0.38 | 0.87 | |
| 18-HEPE | 0.498 (−0.024, 1.019) | 0.06 | 0.547 | 0.500 (−0.027, 1.026) | 0.06 | 0.56 | |
| 15-HEPE | 0.637 (0.193, 1.082) | <.01 | 0.161 | 0.626 (0.179, 1.074) | <0.01 | 0.20 | |
| RvE1 | 0.026 (−0.406, 0.459) | 0.90 | 0.946 | −0.059 (−0.520, 0.402) | 0.80 | 0.90 | |
| RvE2 | 0.255 (−0.242, 0.751) | 0.31 | 0.750 | 0.206 (−0.341, 0.753) | 0.45 | 0.90 | |
| RvE3 | −0.027 (−0.413, 0.358) | 0.89 | 0.946 | −0.130 (−0.535, 0.275) | 0.52 | 0.90 | |
| RvE4 | −0.507 (−1.300, 0.286) | 0.20 | 0.750 | −0.511 (−1.396, 0.374) | 0.25 | 0.87 | |
| DHA | 0.097 (−0.126, 0.321) | 0.38 | 0.750 | 0.126 (−0.111, 0.363) | 0.29 | 0.87 | |
| Mar1 | 0.209 (−0.220, 0.638) | 0.33 | 0.750 | 0.140 (−0.343, 0.623) | 0.56 | 0.90 | |
| Mar2 | −0.005 (−0.158, 0.147) | 0.95 | 0.946 | 0.005 (−0.165, 0.174) | 0.96 | 0.96 | |
| PD1 | 0.028 (−0.739, 0.795) | 0.94 | 0.946 | 0.157 (−0.653, 0.967) | 0.70 | 0.90 | |
| 17-HDHA | 0.361 (−0.007, 0.729) | 0.05 | 0.547 | 0.388 (−0.016, 0.791) | 0.06 | 0.56 | |
| 14-HDHA | 0.289 (−0.211, 0.788) | 0.25 | 0.750 | 0.248 (−0.246, 0.743) | 0.32 | 0.87 | |
| RvD1 | −0.046 (−0.596, 0.503) | 0.87 | 0.946 | 0.194 (−0.347, 0.736) | 0.47 | 0.90 | |
| RvD2 | 0.196 (−0.085, 0.476) | 0.17 | 0.750 | 0.240 (−0.059, 0.538) | 0.11 | 0.76 | |
| RvD3 | −0.382 (−1.320, 0.556) | 0.42 | 0.750 | 0.031 (−0.889, 0.951) | 0.95 | 0.96 | |
| RvD4 | −0.376 (−1.191, 0.438) | 0.36 | 0.750 | −0.371 (−1.215, 0.472) | 0.38 | 0.87 | |
| RvD5 | 0.146 (−0.164, 0.456) | 0.35 | 0.750 | 0.171 (−0.171, 0.513) | 0.32 | 0.87 | |
| RvD6 | 0.129 (−0.612, 0.871) | 0.73 | 0.946 | 0.029 (−0.741, 0.799) | 0.94 | 0.96 | |
Adjusted for age, sex, race, body mass index, and smoking status.
Additionally adjusted for statin, steroid and immunosuppressant use, and ESR/CRP (elevated or not).
Abbreviations: ARA, Arachidonic acid, EPA, eicosapentaenoic acid; DHA, docosahexaenoic acid; LTB4, Leukotriene B4; LXA4, Lipoxin A4; LXB4, Lipoxin B4; MaR1–2, Maresin 1–2; PGD2, Prostaglandin D2; PGE2, Prostaglandin E2; PGF2a, Prostaglandin F2 alpha; TXB2, Thromboxane B2; PD1, Protectin D1; RA, rheumatoid arthritis; RvD1, RvD2, RvD3, RvD4, RvD5, and RvD6, D-series resolvins; RvE1, RvE2, RvE3, and RvE4, E-series resolvins; 14-HDHA, 14-hydroxy-docosahexaenoic acid; 15-HEPE, 15-hydroxyeicosapentaenoic acid; 17-HDHA, 17-hydroxy-docosahexaenoic acid; 18-HEPE, 18-hydroxyeicosapentaenoic acid.