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. 2023 Mar 21;6:297. doi: 10.1038/s42003-023-04672-x

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© The Author(s) 2023

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Fig. 3 — a Example event plots depicting urine marking of two pairs of male competitors over the course of both mesh trials for the trial duration (top) and a zoomed-in view of the first 200 s (bottom). “Chain”-like and “burst”-like marking bout examples are highlighted in yellow. b Histograms of the inter-mark intervals (IMIs) for winners and losers in both mesh trials. Median values are indicated with dashed lines. The range of IMIs extends to nearly the full trial length (only the first 12 s is shown). The maximum values are reported in the top right corner. Mesh 1: 65% of all IMIs are shown (<12 s), 57% of loser IMIs and 69% of winner IMIs. Mesh 2: 68% of all IMIs are shown (<12 s), 51% of loser IMIs and 72% of winner IMIs. c Box and violin plots of within-bout IMIs by fight outcome and mesh trial. d Donut plots by fight outcome and mesh trial depicting the proportions of bouts composed of: 1 mark, 2 marks, or 3+ marks. Mark totals are indicated (bottom left). e Boxplot of the average number of marks per bout by fight outcome and mesh trial. c, e Boxplot midline: median, box limits: upper and lower quartiles, whiskers: 1.5× interquartile range, points: outliers. d, e Linear mixed models were used to model relationships (M5-M6: Table S3), analyses of variance were used to test for overall effects, and post hoc pairwise comparisons were performed using the emmeans package (significance codes: NS p > 0.05; *p < 0.05; **p < 0.01; ***p < 0.001). Dependent variables were logarithmically transformed to meet assumptions for model residuals.