. 2023 Mar 7;11:1068268. doi: 10.3389/fpubh.2023.1068268

Table 3.

Associations between experiences with social interactions during the COVID-19 pandemic and demographic characteristics¹.

Statement	Gender			Age					Race
	Female	Male		18–40	41–60		61+		White	Black		East + Southeast Asian		South Asian		Other
		OR	CI		OR	CI	OR	CI		OR	CI	OR	CI	OR	CI	OR	CI
Experiences/perceptions of racism during the pandemic
People have said things that were untrue about my race/ethnic group related to COVID-19	Reference	1.58	1.28–1.95^*	Reference	0.55	0.43–0.69^*	0.36	0.24–0.53^*	Reference	4.10	2.94–5.73^*	11.67	8.75–15.70^*	3.92	2.74–5.62^*	4.12	2.79–6.08^*
I believe racist views have increased toward certain racial/ethnic groups in Canada during COVID−19		0.74	0.61–0.89^*		1.01	0.82–1.25	0.82	0.62–1.11		1.26	0.95–1.68	1.71	1.35–2.19^*	1.01	0.75–1.38	1.85	1.30–2.65^*
Social interactions during the pandemic
I have experienced a slur/joke about my identity during COVID-19	Reference	1.46	1.18–1.81^*	Reference	0.56	0.44–0.71^*	0.32	0.21–0.48^*	Reference	2.60	1.86–3.62^*	4.95	3.74–6.58^*	2.81	1.97–4.00^*	2.34	1.57–3.47^*
I have experienced rejection because of my beliefs about masking or social distancing during COVID-19		1.26	1.04–1.54^*		0.64	0.51–0.80^*	0.40	0.28–0.57^*		1.55	1.14–2.10^*	1.65	1.28–2.14^*	1.58	1.13–2.20^*	1.74	1.21–2.50^*
People have acted as if they were afraid of me during COVID-19		1.37	1.13–1.65^*		0.57	0.46–0.71^*	0.39	0.28–0.54^*		1.56	1.17–2.09^*	2.30	1.81–2.93^*	1.45	1.06–1.98^*	1.36	0.95–1.93
People have acted as if I am not smart during COVID-19		1.64	1.34–2.01^*		0.61	0.49–0.77	0.32	0.22–0.47^*		1.81	1.32–2.47^*	2.16	1.66–2.81^*	1.96	1.40–2.72^*	1.49	1.01–2.17^*
People have threatened or harassed me during COVID-19		1.76	1.42–2.18^*		0.58	0.45–0.73^*	0.25	0.15–0.38^*		1.95	1.39–2.74^*	2.83	2.14–3.77^*	2.31	1.57–3.40^*	2.33	1.63–3.32^*
People have treated me poorly at restaurants/stores during COVID-19		1.72	1.39–2.12^*		0.54	0.42–0.68^*	0.31	0.20–0.46^*		2.25	1.63–3.10^*	2.23	1.69–2.94^*	2.47	1.74–−3.49^*	1.85	1.25–2.72^*

¹Odds-ratio estimates of the response of agree/strongly agree with statements in the left column for different levels of the demographic variables.

^*Denotes significant finding at α = 0.05.