Table 3.
Main non-respiratory complications and outcomes of patients with coronavirus disease 2019 admitted to a reference hospital in Northeast Brazil during the first and second pandemic waves.
| First wave (n=1087) | Second wave (n=1405) | Total (n=2492) | P-value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Non-respiratory complications | ||||
| Acute renal failure | 289 (26.6) | 272 (19.4) | 561 (22.5) | <0.001 |
| Septic shock | 169 (15.5) | 149 (10.6) | 318 (12.8) | <0.001 |
| Sepsis | 151 (13.9) | 108 (7.7) | 259 (10.4) | <0.001 |
| Cardiac arrhythmia | 85 (7.8) | 71 (5.1) | 156 (6.3) | 0.005 |
| Multiple organ failure | 76 (7) | 42 (3) | 118 (4.7) | <0.001 |
| Hypovolaemic shock | 46 (4.2) | 28 (2) | 74 (3) | <0.001 |
| Haemorrhage | 22 (2) | 49 (3.5) | 71 (2.8) | 0.029 |
| Thromboembolic complications | 28 (2.6) | 36 (2.6) | 64 (2.6) | 0.862 |
| Acute hepatic failure | 24 (2.2) | 13 (0.9) | 37 (1.5) | 0.009 |
| Neurological disorder | 20 (1.8) | 17 (1.2) | 37 (1.5) | 0.197 |
| Non-pharmacological supportive treatment | ||||
| Intensive care unit care | 780 (71.8) | 845 (60.1) | 1625 (65.2) | <0.001 |
| Oxygen therapy during hospital stay | ||||
| Low-flow nasal cannula | 470 (43.2) | 682 (48.5) | 1152 (46.2) | 0.008 |
| High-flow nasal cannula | 3 (0.3) | 12 (0.9) | 15 (0.6) | 0.064 |
| Mask oxygen | 630 (58) | 653 (46.5) | 1283 (51.5) | <0.001 |
| Non-IMV | 7 (0.6) | 251 (17.9) | 258 (10.4) | <0.001 |
| Helmet CPAP (Elmo) | 0 (0) | 128 (9.1) | 128 (5.1) | <0.001 |
| IMV | 524 (48.2) | 551 (39.2) | 1075 (43.1) | <0.001 |
| Tracheostomy | 46 (4.2) | 101 (7.2) | 147 (5.9) | 0.002 |
| Blood transfusion | 81 (7.5) | 116 (8.3) | 197 (7.9) | 0.460 |
| Haemodialysis | 253 (23.3) | 299 (21.3) | 552 (22.2) | 0.235 |
| Main outcomes | ||||
| Time from symptom onset to hospital admission, days | 10 (7–13) | 11 (9–14) | 11 (8 - 13) | <0.001 |
| Time from symptom onset to IMV, days | 10 (7–14) | 13 (9–16) | 11 (9–15) | <0.001 |
| Time from symptom onset to death, days | 19 (14–25) | 23 (17–30) | 21 (16–27) | <0.001 |
| Time from hospital admission to IMV, daysa | 2 (1–5) | 3 (1–5) | 2 (1–5) | 0.529 |
| Time from hospital admission to death, days | 9 (5–13) | 9 (7–17) | 10 (5–15) | <0.001 |
| Tracheal intubation ratea | 237 (29.4) | 254 (21.9) | 491 (23.7) | <0.001 |
| Duration of IMV, days | 8 (4–12) | 9 (5–15) | 9 (5–14) | 0.004 |
| Length of hospital stay, days | 7 (4–11) | 7 (4–13) | 7 (4–12) | 0.964 |
| Discharged home | 560 (51.5) | 897 (63.8) | 1457 (58.5) | <0.001 |
| In-hospital mortality | 530 (48.8) | 509 (36.2) | 1039 (41.7) | <0.001 |
| IMV mortality | 471 (89.5) | 242 (89) | 962 (89.2) | 0.753 |
CPAP, continuous positive airway pressure; IMV, invasive mechanical ventilation.
a
Included patients intubated after 24 h of hospital admission.
Statistical analysis was performed using Mann–Whitney U-test and Chi-squared test. Results are shown as number of cases (%) and median (interquartile range).