Table 1.
Demographic and clinical data of all subjects at baseline, and comparison of diabetes remission-maintained and relapse groups at 5 years after LSG
| Baseline All enrolled subjects (n = 210) |
5 years after LSG |
|||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| remission-maintained group (n = 60) | relapse group (n = 22) | remission-maintained group versus relapse group; p value | ||||
| Gender (male/female) | 94/116 | 25/35 | 9/13 | 0.999 | ||
| Age, years | 49.2±10.8 | 50±9.5 | 50.9±12.7 | 0.745 | ||
| Body weight, kg | 118.5±28.9 | 118.9±22.9 | 106.5±22.7 | 0.032 | ||
| BMI, kg/m2 | 41.5 (37.6–46.8) | 41.2 (38.8–47.9) | 39.6 (34.2–44.3) | 0.029 | ||
| Subjects with BMI ≥35, % | 89.5 | 98.3 | 68.2 | <0.001 | ||
| HbAlc, % | 6.7 (6.2–7.8) | 6.9 (6.2–7.3) | 7.9 (6.6–9.6) | 0.020 | ||
| FPG, mg/dL | 128.0 (109.8–155.3) | 113.0(103.8–135.0) | 137.0(116.8–195.0) | 0.005 | ||
| Serum CPR, ng/mL | 3.4 (2.7–4.6) | 2.9 (2.8–5.1) | 3.1 (3.0–3.3) | 0.189 | ||
| CPR Index | 2.7(1.9–37) | 3.1 (2.6–3.9) | 3.3 (2.9–4.1) | 0.193 | ||
| HOMA-IR | 37(1.6–7.5) | 4.4 (3.1–7.1) | 5.1 (2.9–7.8) | 0.984 | ||
| HOMA-β, % | 96.0(57.0–164.9) | 93.9 (69.3–174.0) | 57.4 (35.0–126.4) | 0.019 | ||
| Duration of diabetes, years | 5.0 (2.0–9.0) | 6.6±6.2 | 5.7±4 | 0.552 | ||
| Number of diabetes medications, n | 1 (0–2) | 0(0–1) | 2 (2–3) | 0.004 | ||
| Insulin use, % | 20.5 | 8.3 | 13.6 | 0.437 | ||
| ABCD score | 6 (5–8) | 6 (5–7) | 6 (4–7) | 0.418 | ||
| TC, mg/dL | 199.0±42.9 | 196.6±38.2 | 202.9±34.5 | 0.523 | ||
| TG, mg/dL | 193.5 (119.0–276.3) | 138(104.5–218.0) | 147(108.5–196.5) | 0.911 | ||
| HDL-C, mg/dL | 43 (38.0–53.3) | 44 (41.0–51.0) | 50 (47.0–57.0) | 0.026 | ||
| Number of antidyslipidemic medications, n | 0(0–1) | 0(0–1) | 1 (0–1) | 0.181 | ||
| Serum creatinine, mg/dL | 0.68 (0.56–0.78) | 0.65 (0.55–0.80) | 0.66 (0.57–0.73) | 0.663 | ||
| eGFR, mL/mm/1.73 m2 | 75.1 ±23.1 | 74.9±21.2 | 80.7±30.1 | 0.371 | ||
| UACR, mg/gCr | 9.3 (4.0–57.4) | 6.4 (4.7–14.3) | 7.8 (4.6–42.7) | 0.942 | ||
| Uric acid, mg/dL | 6.2±1.7 | 6.3±1.7 | 6.2±1.5 | 0.710 | ||
| VFA, cm2 | 229 (189.5–308.7) | 264.2 (203.7–303.0) | 194(174.7–276.8) | 0.082 | ||
| SFA, cm2 | 493.9 (403.5–584.6) | 511 (438.4–662.5) | 404.9(317.5–536.6) | 0.102 | ||
| VFA/SFA ratio | 0.53±0.24 | 0.54±0.24 | 0.53±0.17 | 0.942 | ||
| SBP, mm Hg | 140.1 ±19.9 | 139.7±15.7 | 140.9±21.7 | 0.828 | ||
| DBP, mm Hg | 87.1 ±16.3 | 85.9±10 | 90.7±28.1 | 0.382 | ||
| Number of antihypertensive medications, n | 1 (0–2) | 1 (0–2) | 1 (0–2) | 0.738 | ||
| Subjects with OSAS, % | 71.6 | 70.7 | 73.7 | 1.000 | ||
| Childhood onset obesity, % | 37.0 | 40.0 | 28.6 | 0.436 | ||
| Mental disorder, % | 25.0 | 27.1 | 19.0 | 0.566 | ||
| Mental retardation and developmental disorders, % | 2.7 | 1.8 | 5.0 | 0.465 | ||
| Binge eating, % | 21.1 | 17.9 | 30.0 | 0.338 | ||
| Full IQ (WAIS-III) | 95.6±19.1 | 97.6±19.8 | 99.2±18.7 | 0.876 | ||
| Verbal IQ (WAIS-III) | 96.2±17.9 | 96.7±18.0 | 97.0±17.7 | 0.972 | ||
| Performance IQ (WAIS-III) | 96.7±19.2 | 97.6±21.4 | 102.4±17.2 | 0.656 | ||
Data are presented as mean ± SD or median (Interquartile range) or percentage. Student's f test was used to analyze parametric data and Mann-Whitney U test for nonparametric data. Fisher's exact test was used to detect significant differences between proportions and categorical variables. A p value <0.05 was considered significant. LSG, laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy; BMI, body mass Index; HbA1c, glycosylated hemoglobin; FPG, fasting plasma glucose; CPR, connecting peptide immunoreactivity; FIOMA-IR, homeostasis model assessment-insulin resistance; HOMA-(3, homeostasis model assessment for beta cell function; TC, total cholesterol; TG, triglycerides; HDL-C, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol; eGFR, estimated glomerular filtration rate; UACR, urinary albumin-creatinine ratio; VFA, visceral fat area; SFA, subcutaneous fat area; SBP, systolic blood pressure; DBP, diastolic blood pressure; OSAS, obstructive sleep apnea syndrome; IQ, Intelligence quotient; WAIS-III, Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale 3rd edition.