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. 2023 Mar 6;9:e42128. doi: 10.2196/42128

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©Juliana C Taube, Zachary Susswein, Shweta Bansal. Originally published in JMIR Public Health and Surveillance (https://publichealth.jmir.org), 06.03.2023.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work, first published in JMIR Public Health and Surveillance, is properly cited. The complete bibliographic information, a link to the original publication on https://publichealth.jmir.org, as well as this copyright and license information must be included.

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Bias-corrected masking behavior is spatially heterogeneous and higher in urban areas. (A) Map of bias-corrected masking behavior in October 2020 reveals high spatial heterogeneity. Masking proportions vary substantially even within a single state. Spatial heterogeneity does not notably vary over time (Multimedia Appendix 1, Figure S5). A selection of other months in the study period are shown in Multimedia Appendix 1 (Figures S6-S8). (B) Breakdown of county masking proportions over all survey months by the NCHS urban-rural classification. A direct relationship between the median masking proportion and population density is observed. N/A: not applicable; NCHS: National Center for Health Statistics. See Multimedia Appendix 3 for a high-resolution image.