Table 3.

The average difference in response to pain intensity between the researcher and the nurse before and after the training of NVPS (n = 50)

Procedure	Stage	Intervention (n = 25)	Control (n = 25)	95% CI	p-value *
		Mean ± SD	Mean ± SD
Change position	Before	0.8 ± 0.64	1.16 ± 0.68	−0.006–0.726	0.062
	After	0.16 ± 0.37	1.28 ± 0.54	0.863–1.37	<0.001
	p-value**	<0.001	0.376	–	–
Airway suctioning	Before	0.84 ± 0.47	0.84 ± 0.62	−0.305–0.305	0.925
	After	0.12 ± 0.33	0.76 ± 0.59	0.375–0.905	<0.001
	p-value**	<0.001	0.480	–	–
Blood drawing/venipuncture	Before	0.64 ± 0.63	0.68 ± 0.74	−0.341–0.421	0.84
	After	0.28 ± 0.45	0.6 ± 0.57	0.035–0.605	0.035
	p-value**	0.039	0.527	–	–
Oral care	Before	0.6 ± 0.5	0.68 ± 0.69	−0.254–0.414	0.827
	After	0.28 ± 0.45	0.8 ± 0.57	0.235–0.805	<0.001
	p-value**	0.021	0.518	–	–
Movements in the range of motion of the joints/physiotherapy	Before	0.56 ± 0.50	0.76 ± 0.66	−0.125–0.525	0.312
	After	0.12 ± 0.33	0.6 ± 0.5	0.245–0.715	<0.001
	p-value**	0.002	0.206	–	–

*Mann-Whitney test,

**Wilcoxon signed ranks test