Table 1. Influence of the sequence between the palindromes on ASF-1 binding and promoter activity.

	No element	GGGA (wt)	GAGA	GGCA
(a) ASF-1 complex (%)	100.0	8.5	36.2	8.3
(b) GUS activity (%)	3.9 (± 0.2)	100.0	19.5 (± 1.4)	130.0 (± 1.2)

The sequence above the columns indicates the sequence between the two palindromes of the as-1 elements, which were used as competitor oligonucleotides in EMSAs (a) or as an upstream regulatory element in transient expression analysis (b). Numbers in (a) give the relative amount of ASF-1 bound a radiolabelled as-1 element (see also Fig. 3) in the absence (100%) or presence of a 200-fold molar excess of the different competitor oligonucleotides. Numbers in (b) indicate the relative amount of GUS activity from chimeric promoters encoding different as-1 elements upstream of the –55 region of the CaMV 35S promoter. The activity conferred by the wild-type (wt) element was set 100%.