Table 1. characteristics of the studies.
VR: Virtual reality, AR: Augmented reality
| Study | Who participated | Where was the study conducted | Number of participants | Technological tools facilitated education during COVID-19 | VR and AR in the future |
| Jiang H et al. [1] | Not mentioned | Not mentioned | 114 studies | Yes | Yes |
| Shin M et al. [2] | AAMC associated allopathic medical schools | US | 145 | No | Yes |
| De Ponti R et al. [3] | Students attending the sixth year of the course of Medicine and Surgery | Not mentioned | 122 | Yes | yes |
| Flynn W et al. [4] | Full-time educators, 1st year and 2nd year medical undergraduate students, post graduate students and physician associate students | UK | Not mentioned | Yes | Yes |
| Moro C et al. [5] | Students of anatomy (students in biomedical and health sciences, medical students and students in other faculties) | Faculty of Health Sciences and Medicine, Bond University, Gold Coast, Queensland, Australia | 59 | Yes | Yes |
| Iwanaga J et al. [6] | Not mentioned | United States | Not mentioned | Yes | Needs further study |
| Iwanaga J et al. [7] | Not mentioned | Not mentioned | Not mentioned | Yes | Yes, as one of many parallel approaches |
| Chan V et al. [8] | Fourth-year medical students | Not mentioned | 39 | Yes | Needs further assessment |
| Alharbi Y et al. [9] | Third-year medical students of the foundation block | In the human anatomy laboratory of the College of Medicine of King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences in Jeddah, Saudi Arabia | 182 | Not mentioned | Yes, as long as they are combined with traditional methods |
| Taylor L et al. [10] | Not mentioned | Not mentioned | 49 papers from databases | Yes | A lot of work need to be done for these methods to be appropriate for medical students |
| Papalois ZA et al. [11] | Surgical science students | Olympus Simulation Lab at Guy’s Hospital | Attempted by 19 completed by 15 | Yes | Yes |
| Iwanaga J et al. [12] | Not mentioned | Not mentioned | Not mentioned | Acceptable results | Under consideration |
| Singal A et al. [13] | Not mentioned | Not mentioned | Not mentioned | Not mentioned | Not mentioned |
| Franchi T [14] | Not mentioned | UK | Not mentioned | As a temporary measure | Yes |
| Nakai K et al. [15] | Second year or older medical students in Japan that have completed a traditional medical school anatomy class | In a VR workspace (Spatial) using VR headset (Oculus Quest 2, Menlo Park, CA) | 30 | Yes | Yes, even though there are still limitations |
| Zhao J et al. [16] | Not mentioned | Not mentioned | 816 | Not mentioned | Yes |
| Singal A et al. [17] | 1st year medical and dental students | India | 80 (40 medical students and 40 dental students) | Yes | Yes |
| Thom ML et al. [18] | Classes of 2022, 2023 and 2024 | CWRU SOM in Cleveland, Ohio, USA | 552 | Yes | Yes |