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. 2022 Feb 22;8(2):188–197. doi: 10.1177/23800844211071111

Table 1.

Demographic Characteristics of Survey Participants.

Participants, n (%) P Valuea
Characteristic Total (N = 475) Dentists (n = 257) Hygienists (n = 165) Assistants (n = 53) P Valueb Dentists vs. Hygienists Dentist vs. Assistants Hygienists vs. Assistants
Age, y, mean (SD) 53.6 (11) 56.8 (11) 50.1 (12) 49.8 (9) <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 0.86
Sex 0.0005 <0.001 <0.001 0.18
 Male 183 (38) 182 (71) 1 (1) 0 (0)
 Female 289 (61) 73 (28) 164 (99) 52 (98)
Race 0.01 0.03 0.13 0.22
 Caucasian/White 396 (83) 206 (80) 147 (89) 43 (81)
 African American 10 (2) 6 (2) 4 (2) 0 (0)
 Asian 29 (6) 24 (9) 3 (2) 2 (4)
 Other 38 (8) 21 (8) 10 (6) 7 (16)
Ethnicity 0.01 0.34 0.004 0.03
 Hispanic 35 (11) 13 (5) 12 (7) 10 (19)
 Non-Hispanic 425 (89) 234 (91) 150 (91) 41 (77)
Type of practice 0.07 0.54 0.007 0.30
 Private practice 415 (87) 230 (90) 143 (87) 42 (79)
 Corporate practice 25 (5) 12 (5) 10 (6) 3 (6)
 Academic institution 15 (3) 10 (4) 4 (2) 1 (2)
 Other 20 (4) 5 (2) 8 (4) 7 (13)
Residential community 0.78 0.75 0.47 0.68
 Urban 37 (8) 23 (9) 12 (7) 2 (4)
 Semiurban 397 (84) 215 (84) 137 (83) 45 (85)
 Rural 37 (8) 17 (7) 15 (9) 5 (9)
Ever tested for SARS-CoV-2 327 (69) 156 (61) 131 (79) 40 (76) 0.003 0.0001 0.05 0.55
Ever diagnosed with COVID-19 25 (5) 7 (3) 11 (7) 8 (15) 0.001 0.06 0.0006 0.07
Safety perception with regular testing
 Self 229 (48) 96 (37) 100 (61) 33 (65) <0.001 <0.001 0.001 0.96
 Coworker 259 (55) 120 (47) 103 (62) 36 (71) <0.001 0.002 0.008 0.57
 Patients at start of procedure 325 (68) 159 (62) 122 (74) 44 (83) 0.002 0.02 0.006 0.24
 Any testing 349 (74) 171 (67) 131 (79) 47 (88) <0.001 0.007 0.003 0.19
 All testing 205 (43) 87 (34) 90 (55) 28 (53) <0.001 <0.001 0.01 0.95

Bold indicates P < 0.05.

a

Pairwise comparison.

b

Overall comparison.