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. 2023 Mar 20;29:36. doi: 10.1186/s10020-023-00625-6

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© The Author(s) 2023

Open AccessThis article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Fig. 1 — The experimental result show that KuA significantly increased the bone mineral density of the spine and tibia in OVX mice. A KuA spectrometry analyses and total experiment flowchart. B Representative figure of bone mineral density in mice. C BMD of L4. D BMD of the tibia. These results found that KuA improves the bone mass of the tibia and spine in ovariectomized mice. *P < 0.05, **P < 0.01, ***P < 0.001, ****P < 0.0001. KuA: Kukoamine A; OVX: ovariotomy; L4: Lumber 4; BMD: bone mineral density