Table 1.
Studies of sarcopenia as a risk factor for NAFLD
| Study (yr) | Study design | Study size | Study population | Sarcopenia assessment | NAFLD assessment | Study conclusion |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Hong et al. (2014) [4] | Cross-sectional | 526 | Korean | DXA | CT | 5-fold increased risk of NAFLD |
| Lee et al. (2015) [6] | Cross-sectional | 15,132 | Korean | DXA | Noninvasive models | 2.3- to 3.3-fold increased risk of NAFLD in patients with sarcopenia |
| Lee et al. (2016) [7] | Cross-sectional | 2,761 | Korean | DXA | Noninvasive models | 2-fold increased risk of fibrosis in patients with sarcopenia |
| Kim et al. (2016) [8] | Cross-sectional | 3,739 | Korean | DXA | Noninvasive models | Low SMI is associated with NAFLD according to age group and menopause status |
| Koo et al. (2017) [3] | Cross-sectional | 309 | Korean | BIA | Liver biopsy | Increased prevalence of sarcopenia with NAFLD severity |
| 2.5-fold increased risk of NASH and significant fibrosis in patients with sarcopenia | ||||||
| Petta et al. (2017) [9] | Cross-sectional | 225 | Italian | BIA | Liver biopsy | 2-fold increased risk of fibrosis in NAFLD in patients with sarcopenia |
| Zhai et al. (2018) [12] | Cross-sectional | 494 | Chinese | DXA | US | NAFLD is not independently associated with sarcopenia. |
| Kim et al. (2018) [10] | Longitudinal | 10,534 | Korean | BIA | Noninvasive models | Increased incidence of NAFLD in patients with sarcopenia |
| Increased resolution of baseline NAFLD with higher muscle mass | ||||||
| Wijarnpreecha et al. (2019) [13] | Cross-sectional | 11,325 | American | BIA | US | 2.3-fold increased risk of NAFLD in patients with sarcopenia |
| 1.8-fold increased advanced fibrosis in patients with sarcopenia | ||||||
| Hsieh et al. (2021) [104] | Cross-sectional | 521 | Korean | CT | Liver biopsy | Increased risk of significant fibrosis in NAFLD |
| Hsieh et al. (2022) [111] | Longitudinal | 338 | Korean | CT | Liver biopsy | Severe myosteatosis is significantly associated with early NASH and fibrosis progression in early stage NAFLD |
NAFLD, nonalcoholic fatty liver disease; DXA, dual energy X-ray absorptiometry; CT, computed tomography; SMI, skeletal muscle index; BIA, Bioelectric impedance analysis; NASH, nonalcoholic steatohepatitis; US, ultrasonography.