Table 3.

Studies Assessing the Relationship between NAFLD and Breast Cancer

Author	Year	Study design	Sample size	NAFLD diagnosis	Cancer diagnosis	Significant findings
Nseir et al.	2017	Cohort	73 patients	CT imaging	Pathology	Odds ratio of 2.82 (breast cancer in NAFLD vs. in controls)
Kim et al.	2018	Longitudinal cohort	25,947 patients	Ultrasound	Pathology and radiology	Incidence rate ratio of 1.77 (breast cancer in NAFLD vs. in controls)
Allen et al. [87]	2019	Longitudinal cohort	4,722 patients with 14,441 controls	ICD-9	ICD-9	Incidence rate ratio of 1.6 (breast cancer in NAFLD vs. in obese controls)
Kwak et al.	2019	Case-control	270 patients with 270 controls	Ultrasound	Mammography and pathology	Odds ratio of 1.63 (breast cancer in nonobese NAFLD vs. in nonobese controls); no association between NAFLD and breast cancer was detected in the obese group

NAFLD, nonalcoholic fatty liver disease; CT, computerized tomography; ICD-9, International Classification of Diseases, ninth revision.