Table 3.
Description of health behaviour indicators in the full sample and in women and men separately
| Total* (n=705) N (%) or mean (SD), range |
Women* (n=378) N (%) or mean (SD), range |
Men* (n=327) N (%) or mean (SD), range |
|
| Smoking | |||
| Current | 104 (14.9%) | 49 (13.0%) | 55 (17.1%) |
| Current cigarettes/day | 7.5 (6.3), <1–20 | 7.1 (5.5), <1–20 | 7.9 (7.0), <1–20 |
| Past | 88 (12.6%) | 25 (6.6%) | 63 (19.5%) |
| Past cigarettes/day | 7.9 (8.3), <1–45 | 5.8 (4.9), <1–15 | 8.7 (9.2), <1–45 |
| Age last quit (in years) | 24.6 (3.2), 12–29 | 25.0 (3.2), 19–29 | 24.5 (3.2), 12–29 |
| Current/past | 192 (27.5%) | 74 (19.6%) | 118 (36.6%) |
| Never | 507 (72.5%) | 303 (80.4%) | 204 (63.4%) |
| 24-hour diet recall | |||
| Health Eating Index-2015 | 50.2 (11.0), 22.4–86.7 | 51.3 (10.9), 22.7–86.7 | 49.0 (11.0), 22.4–84.3 |
| Vegetable, cup equivalents | 1.8 (1.1), 0.0–6.8 | 1.8 (1.0), 0.0–6.8 | 1.9 (1.1), 0.2–5.7 |
| Fruit, cup equivalents | 0.7 (0.8), 0.0–10.5 | 0.7 (0.7), 0.0–4.3 | 0.7 (1.0), 0.0–10.5 |
| Vegetable, meets daily guideline† | 119 (17.9%) | 74 (21.0%) | 45 (14.5%) |
| Fruit, meets daily guideline† | 46 (6.9%) | 24 (6.8%) | 22 (7.1%) |
| Actigraphy, activity level† | |||
| Very vigorous activity (min/day) | 2.1 (4.7), 0.0–35.9 | 2.0 (4.2), 0.0–33.0 | 2.2 (5.2), 0.0–35.9 |
| Vigorous activity (min/day) | 8.9 (16.7), 0.0–177.5 | 8.7 (15.9), 0.0–117.0 | 9.1 (17.7), 0.0–177.5 |
| Moderate activity (min/day) | 65.0 (44.0), 1.8–333.2 | 61.5 (42.0), 8.7–308.3 | 69.3 (46.0), 1.8–333.2 |
| Number of steps per day | 7368.9 (2,782.8), 1233.9–16 330.6 |
7189.7 (2,546.6), 1692.4–16 330.6 |
7579.8 (3,028.7), 1233.9–15 656.7 |
| Number of steps 10 000+ | 92 (15.9%) | 38 (12.1%) | 54 (20.3%) |
| Sedentary time (min/day) | 271.2 (108.6), 23.7–609.3 | 252.8 (98.5), 31.3–609.3 | 292.8 (115.9), 23.7–604.5 |
| Actigraphy, sleep† | |||
| Sleep efficiency† | 85.0 (6.1), 52.8–97.3 | 85.2 (5.6), 61.1–97.3 | 84.7 (6.7), 52.8–97.1 |
| Sleep efficiency<85% | 238 (41.0%) | 123 (38.8%) | 115 (43.6%) |
| Total sleep time (hours) | 7.3 (1.0), 4.0–11.7 | 7.5 (1.0), 4.5–11.7 | 7.0 (1.0), 4.0–10.2 |
| Sleep<7 hours | 224 (38.6%) | 94 (29.7%) | 130 (49.2%) |
| Number of awakenings | 19.8 (7.4), 2.2–48.3 | 19.7 (7.2), 2.2–47.0 | 19.8 (7.7), 3.0–48.3 |
| Average awakening length (min) | 3.7 (1.4), 1.3–13.4 | 3.7 (1.2), 1.3–8.5 | 3.7 (1.6), 1.6–13.4 |
| Sleep fragmentation† | 30.1 (8.9), 7.0–69.8 | 29.1 (7.7), 9.8–59.1 | 31.3 (10.1), 7.0–69.8 |
| Self-report, sleep | |||
| PSQI Global Sleep Quality Index | 5.8 (3.3), 0–18 | 5.9 (3.5), 0–18 | 5.7 (3.1), 0–16 |
| PSQI Global Sleep Quality Index≥6 | 319 (45.6%) | 180 (47.6%) | 139 (43.2%) |
*Missing data: six participants did not complete the questionnaire items pertaining to smoking or sleep. A total of 41 participants do not have diet data, 95.1% because they participated in a protocol that did not collect these data and 4.9% for a miscellaneous reason. A total of 124 participants do not have actigraphy data, 31.5% because they participated in a protocol that did not collect these data and 68.5% for a miscellaneous reason (eg, did not wear monitor for sufficient length of time).
†Definitions: for vegetables, the daily guideline of 2.5 cups was used for women based on a 2000 calorie diet and the daily guideline of 3.0 cups was used for men based on a 2400 calorie diet. For fruit, the daily guideline of 2.0 cups of fruit was used for both women and men as the recommendation for fruit does not differ between 2000 and 2400 calorie diets. For actigraphy for both activity and sleep indicators, a minimum wear time of 2 days and nights was required. Sleep efficiency is the number of minutes asleep divided by the number of minutes in bed. Sleep fragmentation is an index of restlessness during sleep derived from movement.
PSQI, Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index.